Extent and Nature of Television Food and Nonalcoholic Beverage Marketing in 9 Asian Countries: Cross-Sectional Study Using a Harmonized Approach

Tilakavati Karupaiah   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Shah Md Mahfuzur Rahman   ³ , PhD ;   Juan Zhang   ⁴ , PhD ;   Naveen Kumar   ⁵ , PhD ;   Batjargal Jamiyan   ⁶ , PhD ;   Raj Kumar Pokharel   ⁷ , MPH ;   Elaine Quintana Borazon   ⁸ , PhD ;   Tharanga Thoradeniya   ⁹ , PhD ;   Nguyen Thi Thi Tho   ¹⁰ , PhD ;   Sally Mackay   ¹¹ , PhD ;   Bridget Kelly   ¹² , PhD ;   Boyd Swinburn   ¹¹ , PhD ;   Karuthan Chinna   ¹³ , PhD ;   Enkhmyagmar Dashzeveg   ⁶ , MPH ;   Gild Rick Ong   ¹ , BSc ;   Sreelakshmi Sankara Narayanan   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Mohd Jamil Sameeha   ¹⁴ , PhD ;   Mohammad Ahsan Uddin   ¹⁵ , MBBS ;   Yuxiang Tang   ⁴ , MPH ;   Naresh Kumar Sharma   ¹⁶ , MSc ;   Rishav Pokharel   ⁷ , MSc ;   Anna Christine Rome   ¹⁷ , MHRIM ;   V Pujitha Wickramasinghe   ¹⁸ , PhD ;   Phan Thanh Huy   ¹⁰ , BPH

¹ School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia

² Food Security and Nutrition Impact Lab, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia

³ Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, Faculty of Public Health, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh

⁴ School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China

⁵ Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India

⁶ Department for Nutrition Research, National Center for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

⁷ Public Health Nutrition Section, South Asia Infant Feeding Research Network (SAIFRN)-Nepal (A Nepal Chapter of Global SAIFRN Network), Lalitpur, Nepal

⁸ International Graduate Program of Education and Human Development, College of Social Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

⁹ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka

¹⁰ Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Control Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam

¹¹ School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

¹² Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, Early Start, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia

¹³ Faculty of Business and Management, UCSI University, Cheras, Malaysia

¹⁴ Nutritional Sciences Programme, Centre for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

¹⁵ Academic Wing, Institute of Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh

¹⁶ Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India

¹⁷ Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Home Economics, University of the Philippines-Diliman, Metro Manila, Philippines

¹⁸ Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka