Published on in Vol 8 (2025)

1 Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
2 Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
3 Institute of Social Science Survey, Peking University, Beijing, China
4 The School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
5 School of Public Health, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
6 Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
*these authors contributed equally
