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Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy of Ophthalmological Conditions With Complex Prompts in GPT-4: Comparative Analysis of Global and Low- and Middle-Income Country (LMIC)–Specific Pathologies

Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy of Ophthalmological Conditions With Complex Prompts in GPT-4: Comparative Analysis of Global and Low- and Middle-Income Country (LMIC)–Specific Pathologies

One paper reported that Chat GPT based upon the GPT-3 architecture had similar accuracy in diagnosing patients with primary and secondary glaucoma compared with senior ophthalmology residents [10] Furthermore when compared with the established differential diagnosis software, Isabel Pro Differential Diagnosis Generator, Chat GPT outperformed Isabel in the diagnosis of ophthalmic conditions by correctly identifying 9 of 10 cases compared to 1 of 10 by Isabel [11].

Shona Alex Tapiwa M'gadzah, Andrew O'Malley

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e64986

Quantification of Metamorphopsia Using a Smartphone-Based Hyperacuity Test in Patients With Idiopathic Epiretinal Membranes: Prospective Observational Study

Quantification of Metamorphopsia Using a Smartphone-Based Hyperacuity Test in Patients With Idiopathic Epiretinal Membranes: Prospective Observational Study

This prospective observational study was conducted at the department of ophthalmology of the Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria. The study included 30 eyes of 30 patients who met the inclusion criteria and were scheduled for membrane peeling with vitrectomy for i ERM. Eligibility criteria included the presence of i ERM, age above 18 years, written informed consent, best distance-corrected visual acuity (DCVA) ≤1.0 log MAR and metamorphopsia detected on the Amsler grid.

Daria Amon, Christoph Leisser, Andreas Schlatter, Manuel Ruiss, Caroline Pilwachs, Natascha Bayer, Josef Huemer, Oliver Findl

JMIR Perioper Med 2025;8:e60959

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Large Language Models in Providing Patient Education for Chinese Patients With Ocular Myasthenia Gravis: Mixed Methods Study

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Large Language Models in Providing Patient Education for Chinese Patients With Ocular Myasthenia Gravis: Mixed Methods Study

However, another study revealed that LLMs achieved only a 45% accuracy rate in identifying information for retinal disease patients, indicating significant gaps in their clinical application in ophthalmology [19]. To date, no studies have assessed LLM performance in educating Chinese patients about patients with OMG. Although several studies have explored the application of LLMs in consultation processes and diagnostic capabilities within Chinese ophthalmology subspecialties, research remains limited.

Bin Wei, Lili Yao, Xin Hu, Yuxiang Hu, Jie Rao, Yu Ji, Zhuoer Dong, Yichong Duan, Xiaorong Wu

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e67883

Barriers and Determinants of Referral Adherence in AI-Enabled Diabetic Retinopathy Screening for Older Adults in Northern India During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mixed Methods Pilot Study

Barriers and Determinants of Referral Adherence in AI-Enabled Diabetic Retinopathy Screening for Older Adults in Northern India During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mixed Methods Pilot Study

The nurse at the ophthalmology clinic invited older adult participants to the CHC for in-depth interviews, while ASHA workers contacted older adult participants in the community to conduct interviews at homes. The second group of participants, HCPs, were purposely selected according to their roles in diabetes and DR diagnosis, referral, and treatment (Table S1 in Multimedia Appendix 1).

Anshul Chauhan, Anju Goyal, Ritika Masih, Gagandeep Kaur, Lakshay Kumar, ­ Neha, Harsh Rastogi, Sonam Kumar, Bidhi Lord Singh, Preeti Syal, Vishali Gupta, Luke Vale, Mona Duggal

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e67047

The Utility of a Smartphone-Based Retinal Imaging Device as a Screening Tool in an Outpatient Clinic Setting: Protocol for an Observational Study

The Utility of a Smartphone-Based Retinal Imaging Device as a Screening Tool in an Outpatient Clinic Setting: Protocol for an Observational Study

Such an intervention would address the loss of follow-up to specialty ophthalmology clinics for complete ophthalmologic examinations in low socioeconomic status patients with eye disease. Early intervention may allow for the timely, evidence-based management of eye disease and prevent late-stage morbidities such as progressive loss of vision and permanent blindness.

Ajay Mittal, Victor Sanchez, Navjot Singh Azad, Yaroslav Zuyev, Rafael Robles, Mark Sherwood

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e52650

Large Language Models May Help Patients Understand Peer-Reviewed Scientific Articles About Ophthalmology: Development and Usability Study

Large Language Models May Help Patients Understand Peer-Reviewed Scientific Articles About Ophthalmology: Development and Usability Study

It is important for the readers to avoid making generalizations from the findings of our study toward all published scientific articles in the field of ophthalmology or, more broadly, medicine.

Reza Kianian, Deyu Sun, William Rojas-Carabali, Rupesh Agrawal, Edmund Tsui

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e59843

EyeGPT for Patient Inquiries and Medical Education: Development and Validation of an Ophthalmology Large Language Model

EyeGPT for Patient Inquiries and Medical Education: Development and Validation of an Ophthalmology Large Language Model

In ophthalmology, LLMs show promise both for ophthalmic certification exams [5] and interpreting imaging reports across various linguistic environments [6,7]. However, there are several limitations to existing LLMs. First, there are challenges with addressing specialized ophthalmology knowledge for general LLMs. Previous research has demonstrated the suboptimal performance of Chat GPT in ophthalmology, with only 15.4% of the responses graded as completely accurate in vitreoretinal disease [8].

Xiaolan Chen, Ziwei Zhao, Weiyi Zhang, Pusheng Xu, Yue Wu, Mingpu Xu, Le Gao, Yinwen Li, Xianwen Shang, Danli Shi, Mingguang He

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e60063

Performance of ChatGPT in Ophthalmic Registration and Clinical Diagnosis: Cross-Sectional Study

Performance of ChatGPT in Ophthalmic Registration and Clinical Diagnosis: Cross-Sectional Study

Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly advanced in health care, particularly in many areas of ophthalmology [1,2]. Chat GPT (Open AI) [3] is a generative AI featuring a chatbot interface. Benefiting from its expansive knowledge base and complex parameterization, it enables users to input queries and receive responses that showcase advanced, humanlike logic. Since its launch in November 2022, Chat GPT has quickly amassed a substantial user base.

Shuai Ming, Xi Yao, Xiaohong Guo, Qingge Guo, Kunpeng Xie, Dandan Chen, Bo Lei

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e60226