TY - JOUR AU - Murray, M. Regan AU - Chiang, C. Shawn AU - Klassen, C. Ann AU - Manganello, A. Jennifer AU - Leader, E. Amy AU - Lo, Wen-Juo AU - Massey, M. Philip PY - 2025/4/16 TI - Developing an Online Community Advisory Board (CAB) of Parents From Social Media to Co-Design an Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Intervention: Participatory Research Study JO - JMIR Form Res SP - e65986 VL - 9 KW - online community advisory boards KW - community engagement KW - social media KW - digital health KW - digital health intervention KW - HPV vaccine KW - human papillomavirus KW - HPV KW - parent health KW - child health N2 - Background: Social media health interventions have grown significantly in recent years. However, researchers are still developing innovative methods to meaningfully engage online communities to inform research activities. Little has been documented describing this approach of using online community advisory boards (CABs) to co-create health communication interventions on social media. Objective: This study describes the formation, engagement, and maintenance of an online CAB focused on co-creating a health education intervention for parents regarding the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. The study provides guiding principles for public health researchers implementing such CABs in future digital health interventions. Methods: In May 2020, Twitter was used to recruit parents of children aged 9?14 years, who were active users of the platform and were interested in serving on a CAB focused on child health and online programs. The recruitment campaign included Twitter (rebranded as X in 2023) advertising tools (eg, ?interests? and ?audience look-a-likes?). A total of 17 parents completed a screening survey and 6 completed a follow-up phone interview. Following phone interviews, 6 parents were invited to join the CAB, where they committed to a 1-year involvement. The CAB participated in eleven 1-hour online meetings in the first year, contributing to monthly feedback through participatory workbooks. Long-term engagement was sustained through icebreakers and casual online interactions, as well as providing real-time updates to demonstrate CAB feedback integration. An anonymous midterm evaluation was conducted at the end of the project?s first year to assess processes and identify future growth opportunities. Results: A total of 6 parents (5 females and 1 male) with children aged 9-14 years from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds (African American, South Asian American, and White) across 6 states in the United States, representing urban, suburban, and rural areas, agreed to serve as CAB members. All 6 CAB members committed to 1 year of service beginning in July 2020 with 4 extending their participation into a second year (August 2021-August 2022). The CAB provided expert insights and feedback to co-develop the intervention, including character development, narrative content creation, study recruitment, survey development, and intervention delivery. The midterm evaluation showed 100% (6/6) satisfaction among CAB members, who valued the connections with other parents and their contribution to research. While all members felt confident discussing HPV, 83% (5/6) suggested diversifying the group and increasing informal bonding to enhance engagement and inclusivity, especially for differing vaccination views. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that online CABs are a highly effective model for co-creating and informing online health communication interventions. The engagement of parents from diverse backgrounds and the structured use of online tools (eg, interactive workbooks) creates a constructive and thoughtful environment for incorporating parent contributions to research. This study highlights guiding principles to forming, engaging, and maintaining an online CAB to enhance health research and practice. UR - https://formative.jmir.org/2025/1/e65986 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/65986 ID - info:doi/10.2196/65986 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Doyle, A. Tom AU - Vershaw, L. Samantha AU - Conboy, Erin AU - Halverson, E. Colin M. PY - 2024/12/30 TI - Improving Social Media-Based Support Groups for the Rare Disease Community: Interview Study With Patients and Parents of Children with Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases JO - JMIR Hum Factors SP - e57833 VL - 11 KW - social media KW - rare disease KW - support groups KW - pediatric rare disease KW - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome KW - collagen disease KW - fibrillar collagen KW - cutis elastica KW - connective tissue disorders KW - hyperelasticity KW - hypermobility of joints, inherited KW - genetic disorder KW - genetics KW - pediatric N2 - Background: The rarity that is inherent in rare disease (RD) often means that patients and parents of children with RDs feel uniquely isolated and therefore are unprepared or unsupported in their care. To overcome this isolation, many within the RD community turn to the internet, and social media groups in particular, to gather useful information about their RDs. While previous research has shown that social media support groups are helpful for those affected by RDs, it is unclear what these groups are particularly useful or helpful for patients and parents of children with RDs. Objective: This study aimed to identify what specific features of disease-related support groups (DRSGs) the RD community finds particularly useful or supportive and provide a set of recommendations to improve social media?based RD support groups based on this information. Methods: Semistructured qualitative interviews were performed with patients and parents of patients with RDs. Interview participants had to be at least 18 years of age at the time of the interview, be seen by a genetics specialist at a partner health care institution and be proficient in the English language. Social media use was not a prerequisite for participation, so interview participants ranged from extensive users of social media to those who chose to remain off all social media. All interviews were conducted by phone, recorded, and then transcribed. Interview transcripts were then coded using the 6 steps outlined by Braun and Clarke. Three researchers (TAD, SLV, and CMEH) performed initial coding. After this, the study team conducted a review of themes and all members of the team agreed upon a final analysis and presentation of data. Results: We conducted 31 interviews (mean age 40, SD 10.04 years; n=27, 87% were women; n=30, 97% were non-Hispanic White). Thematic analysis revealed that social media DRSG users identified the informational usefulness of these groups as being related to the gathering and sharing of specific information about an RD, clarification about the importance and meaning of certain symptoms, and obtaining insight into an RD?s progression and prognosis. Participants also identified that DRSGs were useful sources of practical information, such as tips and tricks about managing RD-related issues and concerns. In addition, participants found DRSGs to be a useful space for sharing their disease-related stories but also highlighted a feeling of exhaustion from overexposure and overuse of DRSGs. Conclusions: This study identifies the usefulness of DRSGs for the RD community and provides a set of recommendations to improve future instances of DRSGs. These recommendations can be used to create DRSGs that are less prone to splintering into other DRSGs, thus minimizing the risk of having important RD-related information unhelpfully dispersed amongst a multitude of support groups. UR - https://humanfactors.jmir.org/2024/1/e57833 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/57833 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39752188 ID - info:doi/10.2196/57833 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Onishi, Ryuta PY - 2024/12/19 TI - Parental Information-Use Strategies in a Digital Parenting Environment and Their Associations With Parental Social Support and Self-Efficacy: Cross-Sectional Study JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e58757 VL - 7 KW - parenting KW - information use KW - digital society KW - online information KW - social support KW - self-efficacy KW - parents KW - surveys KW - information seeking KW - information behaviors KW - resources KW - children KW - youth KW - pediatric N2 - Background: In today?s digital society, the acquisition of parenting information through online platforms such as social networking sites (SNSs) has become widespread. Amid the mix of online and offline information sources, there is a need to discover effective information-seeking methods for solving parenting problems. Objective: This study aimed to identify patterns of information use among parents of young children in the digital age and elucidate the characteristics of these patterns through a comparative analysis of parental social support and self-efficacy. Methods: An internet-based survey was administered to fathers and mothers of children aged 0-3 years. Convenience sampling, facilitated by an internet-based survey company, was adopted, and data from 227 fathers and 206 mothers were analyzed. The survey included questions on personal characteristics, frequency of use of different sources of parenting information (websites, SNSs, parenting apps, family, friends, and professionals), availability of parental social support, and parental self-efficacy. The Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) clustering algorithm was used to identify patterns in parenting information use. Results: A total of 4 clusters were identified: multisource gatherers (n=161), offline-centric gatherers (n=105), online-centric gatherers (n=86), and minimal information gatherers (n=68). The availability of parental social support was perceived to be relatively higher among multisource and offline-centric gatherers compared with online-centric and minimal information gatherers. Parental self-efficacy was highest among multisource gatherers, followed by offline-centric and online-centric gatherers, and lowest among minimal information gatherers. Conclusions: This study contributes to the evidence that online information can effectively complement offline information in addressing parenting challenges, although its ability to fully replace offline sources remains limited. Parenting support professionals are encouraged to understand parents? current information use strategies and actively foster their social relationships, helping them to adopt more diverse and comprehensive approaches to information use. UR - https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2024/1/e58757 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/58757 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ ID - info:doi/10.2196/58757 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hall, A. Jeffrey PY - 2024/11/25 TI - Ten Myths About the Effect of Social Media Use on Well-Being JO - J Med Internet Res SP - e59585 VL - 26 KW - social media KW - well-being KW - health promotion KW - depressive disorder KW - depression KW - anxiety KW - adolescent KW - mental health UR - https://www.jmir.org/2024/1/e59585 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/59585 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ ID - info:doi/10.2196/59585 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mertens, Ellen AU - Ye, Guoquan AU - Beuckels, Emma AU - Hudders, Liselot PY - 2024/10/23 TI - Parenting Information on Social Media: Systematic Literature Review JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e55372 VL - 7 KW - parenting KW - social media KW - parenting information KW - systematic literature review KW - bibliometric literature review KW - thematic analysis N2 - Background: Social media has become extremely popular among parents to seek parenting information. Despite the increasing academic attention to the topic, studies are scattered across various disciplines. Therefore, this study broadens the scope of the existing reviews by transcending narrow academic subdomains and including all relevant research insights related to parents? information seeking on social media and its consequent effects. Objective: The aims of this systematic literature review were to (1) identify influential journals and scholars in the field; (2) examine the thematic evolution of research on parenting and social media; and (3) pinpoint research gaps, providing recommendations for future exploration. Methods: On the basis of a criteria for identifying scholarly publications, we selected 338 studies for this systematic literature review. We adopted a bibliometric analysis combined with a content thematic analysis to obtain data-driven insights with a profound understanding of the predominant themes in the realm of parenting and social media. Results: The analysis revealed a significant increase in research on parenting and social media since 2015, especially in the medical domain. The studies in our review spanned 232 different research fields, and the most prolific journal was JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting. The thematic analysis identified 4 emerging research themes in the studies: parenting motivations to seek information, nature of parenting content on social media, impact of parenting content, and interventions for parents on social media. Conclusions: This study provides critical insights into the current research landscape of parenting and social media. The identified themes, research gaps, and future research recommendations provide a foundation for future studies, guiding researchers toward valuable areas for exploration. UR - https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2024/1/e55372 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/55372 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ ID - info:doi/10.2196/55372 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Onishi, Ryuta PY - 2024/10/11 TI - Parenting-Related Social Networking Site Use and Psychological Distress in Parents of Infants: Cross-sectional Study Exploring the Moderating Effects of Loneliness and Parenting Anxiety JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e59029 VL - 7 KW - social networking sites KW - social media KW - psychological distress KW - loneliness KW - anxiety KW - social support KW - mother KW - father KW - infant KW - psychological KW - distress KW - children KW - web-based questionnaire KW - parent N2 - Background: In the digital age, social networking sites (SNSs) have revolutionized the approach to parenting. These platforms, widely used to access parenting information and support, affect parents both positively and negatively, with negative effects potentially increasing for those experiencing loneliness or anxiety. Objective: This study examined the relationship between SNS use and psychological distress among parents of young children, controlling for the moderating effects of loneliness and parenting anxiety. We hypothesized that higher SNS use correlates to greater psychological distress, particularly among parents with elevated levels of loneliness or parenting anxiety. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design using a closed web-based questionnaire was employed. Participants included 429 parents (205 mothers and 224 fathers) of children aged 0?3 years recruited through a web-based survey company in Japan. The majority of the participants were couples, with some living with extended family members. The sample also encompassed individuals in cohabiting partnerships and single parents. The survey included measures of psychological distress, loneliness, parenting anxiety, frequency of SNS use for parenting, and covariates. Analytical models to explain psychological distress included interactions between loneliness or parenting anxiety and SNS use, individually for both fathers and mothers. Results: For mothers, a significant interaction effect was determined only between parenting anxiety and SNS use (b=0.247, SE 0.091; P=.008). Meanwhile, for fathers, significant interaction effects were observed for both loneliness (b=0.324, SE 0.127; P=.012) and parenting anxiety (b=0.144, SE 0.069; P=.038) with SNS use. A simple slope analysis for mothers indicated that SNS use was related to psychological distress only at higher levels of parenting anxiety (b=0.304, SE 0.090, ?=.317; P<.001). Among fathers, SNS use was associated with psychological distress at higher levels of either parenting anxiety (b=0.330, SE 0.069, ?=.346; P<.001) or loneliness (b=0.390, SE 0.098, ?=.409; P<.001). Conclusions: The study concluded that the relationship between SNS use and psychological distress among parents of young children is moderated by loneliness and parenting anxiety. The findings highlight the need for tailored approaches to help parents manage SNS use, particularly focusing on those with higher levels of loneliness and parenting anxiety. It is imperative that health professionals provide nuanced guidance to parents on SNS use, considering individual psychological factors and potential gender differences in the impact of SNSs on mental well-being. UR - https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2024/1/e59029 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/59029 ID - info:doi/10.2196/59029 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bennett, Verity AU - Spasi?, Irena AU - Filimonov, Maxim AU - Muralidaran, Vigneshwaran AU - Kemp, Mary Alison AU - Allen, Stuart AU - Watkins, John William PY - 2024/9/26 TI - Assessing the Feasibility of Using Parents? Social Media Conversations to Inform Burn First Aid Interventions: Mixed Methods Study JO - JMIR Form Res SP - e48695 VL - 8 KW - social media KW - burn first aid KW - health interventions KW - parents KW - burns N2 - Background: Burns are common childhood injuries, which can lead to serious physical and psychological outcomes. Appropriate first aid is essential in managing the pain and severity of these injuries; hence, parents who need timely access to such information often seek it from the web. In particular, social media allow them to reach other parents, hence these conversations may provide insight to aid the design and evaluation of burn first aid interventions for parents. Objective: This study aims to determine the feasibility of finding, accessing, and analyzing parent burn first aid conversations on social media to inform intervention research. Methods: The initial choice of the relevant social media was made based on the results of a parent focus group and survey. We considered Facebook (Meta Platforms, Inc), Mumsnet (Mumsnet Limited), Netmums (Aufeminin Group), Twitter (subsequently rebranded as ?X?; X Corp), Reddit (Reddit, Inc), and YouTube (Google LLC). To locate the relevant data on these platforms, we collated a taxonomy of search terms and designed a search strategy. A combination of natural language processing and manual inspection was used to filter out irrelevant data. The remaining data were analyzed manually to determine the length of conversations, the number of participants, the purpose of the initial post (eg, asking for or offering advice), burn types, and distribution of relevant keywords. Results: Facebook parenting groups were not accessed due to privacy, and public influencer pages yielded scant data. No relevant data were found on Reddit. Data were collected from Mumsnet, Netmums, YouTube, and Twitter. The amount of available data varied across these platforms and through time. Sunburn was identified as a topic across all 4 platforms. Conversations on the parenting forums Mumsnet and Netmums were started predominantly to seek advice (112/116, 96.6% and 25/25, 100%, respectively). Conversely, YouTube and Twitter were used mainly to provide advice (362/328, 94.8% and 126/197, 64%, respectively). Contact burns and sunburn were the most frequent burn types discussed on Mumsnet (30/94, 32% and 23/94, 25%, respectively) and Netmums (2/25, 8% and 14/26, 56%, respectively). Conclusions: This study provides a suite of bespoke search strategies, tailored to a range of social media platforms, for the extraction and analysis of burn first aid conversation data. Our methodology provides a template for other topics not readily accessible via a specific search term or hashtag. YouTube and Twitter show potential utility in measuring advice offered before and after interventions and extending the reach of messaging. Mumsnet and Netmums present the best opportunity for informing burn first aid intervention design via an in-depth qualitative investigation into parents? knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. UR - https://formative.jmir.org/2024/1/e48695 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/48695 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ ID - info:doi/10.2196/48695 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Frennesson, Felicia Nessie AU - Barnett, Julie AU - Merouani, Youssouf AU - Attwood, Angela AU - Zuccolo, Luisa AU - McQuire, Cheryl PY - 2024/6/20 TI - Analyzing Questions About Alcohol in Pregnancy Using Web-Based Forum Topics: Qualitative Content Analysis JO - JMIR Infodemiology SP - e58056 VL - 4 KW - social media KW - web-based forum KW - alcohol KW - pregnancy KW - prenatal health KW - prenatal alcohol exposure N2 - Background: Prenatal alcohol exposure represents a substantial public health concern as it may lead to detrimental outcomes, including pregnancy complications and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Although UK national guidance recommends abstaining from alcohol if pregnant or planning a pregnancy, evidence suggests that confusion remains on this topic among members of the public, and little is known about what questions people have about consumption of alcohol in pregnancy outside of health care settings. Objective: This study aims to assess what questions and topics are raised on alcohol in pregnancy on a web-based UK-based parenting forum and how these correspond to official public health guidelines with respect to 2 critical events: the implementation of the revised UK Chief Medical Officers? (CMO) low-risk drinking guidelines (2016) and the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown (2020). Methods: All thread starts mentioning alcohol in the ?Pregnancy? forum were collected from Mumsnet for the period 2002 to 2022 and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the number and proportion of thread starts for each topic over the whole study period and for the periods corresponding to the change in CMO guidance and the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: A total of 395 thread starts were analyzed, and key topics included ?Asking for advice on whether it is safe to consume alcohol? or on ?safe limits? and concerns about having consumed alcohol before being aware of a pregnancy. In addition, the Mumsnet thread starts included discussions and information seeking on ?Research, guidelines, and official information about alcohol in pregnancy.? Topics discussed on Mumsnet regarding alcohol in pregnancy remained broadly similar between 2002 and 2022, although thread starts disclosing prenatal alcohol use were more common before the introduction of the revised CMO guidance than in later periods. Conclusions: Web-based discussions within a UK parenting forum indicated that users were often unclear on guidance and risks associated with prenatal alcohol use and that they used this platform to seek information and reassurance from peers. UR - https://infodemiology.jmir.org/2024/1/e58056 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/58056 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38900536 ID - info:doi/10.2196/58056 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pretorius, Kelly AU - Kang, Sookja AU - Choi, Eunju PY - 2024/4/23 TI - Photos Shared on Facebook in the Context of Safe Sleep Recommendations: Content Analysis of Images JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e54610 VL - 7 KW - SUID KW - SIDS KW - parenting KW - safe sleep KW - photo analysis KW - pediatric KW - pediatrics KW - paediatric KW - paediatrics KW - infant KW - infants KW - infancy KW - baby KW - babies KW - neonate KW - neonates KW - neonatal KW - newborn KW - newborns KW - sleep KW - safety KW - death KW - mortality KW - social media KW - picture KW - pictures KW - photo KW - photos KW - photographs KW - image KW - images KW - Facebook KW - mother KW - mothers KW - parent KW - co-sleeping KW - sudden infant death KW - sudden unexpected infant death KW - adherence KW - parent education KW - parents' education KW - awareness N2 - Background: Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) remains a leading cause of infant mortality; therefore, understanding parental practices of infant sleep at home is essential. Since social media analyses yield invaluable patient perspectives, understanding sleep practices in the context of safe sleep recommendations via a Facebook mothers? group is instrumental for policy makers, health care providers, and researchers. Objective: This study aimed to identify photos shared by mothers discussing SUID and safe sleep online and assess their consistency with infant sleep guidelines per the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). We hypothesized the photos would not be consistent with guidelines based on prior research and increasing rates of accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed. Methods: Data were extracted from a Facebook mothers? group in May 2019. After trialing various search terms, searching for the term ?SIDS? on the selected Facebook group resulted in the most relevant discussions on SUID and safe sleep. The resulting data, including 20 posts and 912 comments among 512 mothers, were extracted and underwent qualitative descriptive content analysis. In completing the extraction and subsequent analysis, 24 shared personal photos were identified among the discussions. Of the photos, 14 pertained to the infant sleep environment. Photos of the infant sleep environment were then assessed for consistency with safe sleep guidelines per the AAP standards by 2 separate reviewers. Results: Of the shared photos relating to the infant sleep environment, 86% (12/14) were not consistent with AAP safe sleep guidelines. Specific inconsistencies included prone sleeping, foreign objects in the sleeping environment, and use of infant sleeping devices. Use of infant monitoring devices was also identified. Conclusions: This study is unique because the photos originated from the home setting, were in the context of SUID and safe sleep, and were obtained without researcher interference. Despite study limitations, the commonality of prone sleeping, foreign objects, and the use of both infant sleep and monitoring devices (ie, overall inconsistency regarding AAP safe sleep guidelines) sets the stage for future investigation regarding parental barriers to practicing safe infant sleep and has implications for policy makers, clinicians, and researchers. UR - https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2024/1/e54610 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/54610 ID - info:doi/10.2196/54610 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Berg, Valeska AU - Arabiat, Diana AU - Morelius, Evalotte AU - Kervin, Lisa AU - Zgambo, Maggie AU - Robinson, Suzanne AU - Jenkins, Mark AU - Whitehead, Lisa PY - 2024/2/21 TI - Young Children and the Creation of a Digital Identity on Social Networking Sites: Scoping Review JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e54414 VL - 7 KW - digital identity KW - children KW - social networking sites KW - sharenting KW - scoping review KW - perspectives N2 - Background: There is limited understanding of the concept of the digital identity of young children created through engagement on social networking sites. Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to identify key characteristics of the concept of digital identity for children from conception to the age of 8 years on social networking sites. Methods: This scoping review was conducted using the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. The key databases searched were EBSCO, Web of Science, ProQuest ERIC, and Scopus. Gray literature sources (National Grey Literature Collection, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and Google Scholar) were also searched to identify unpublished studies. Articles were selected if they were published in English and reported data on the digital identity of children in relation to social networking sites. Results: The key terms used in the literature were sharenting, followed by digital footprints and children?s identities. Our study revealed 2 approaches to the creation of digital identity: social digital identity and performative digital identity. The articles in this review most commonly used the term sharenting to describe the behavior parents engage in to create digital identities for children on social networking sites. Motivations to post information about children differed among parents; however, the most common reasons were to share with friends and family and create digital archives of childhood photos, termed social digital identity. The second motivation was categorized as performative digital identity. The risk of digital kidnapping and identity theft associated with the creation of digital identities also influenced parents? behaviors. Conclusions: The creation of a digital identity for children is an emerging concept. Our review develops a deeper understanding of sharenting behaviors that can be used to better support parents and their children in creating a digital identity with children and awareness of the potential future impact. We recommend that future studies explore the perspectives of children as key stakeholders in the creation of their digital identity. UR - https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2024/1/e54414 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/54414 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38381499 ID - info:doi/10.2196/54414 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yang, Ting AU - Wu, Yihan AU - Han, Nuo AU - Liu, Tianli PY - 2024/1/5 TI - Chinese Women?s Concept of Childbirth Based on the Social Media Topic ?What Does Childbirth Mean to a Woman?: Content and Thematic Analysis JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e50512 VL - 7 KW - childbirth willingness KW - social media KW - risk perception KW - childbirth cost KW - childbirth benefit N2 - Background: In recent years, women?s fertility desire has attracted increasing attention in China. Objective: This study aims to detect attitudes toward giving birth among young female users on Douban, a very popular Chinese social media platform. Methods: A total of 2634 valid posts from 2489 users discussing the topic ?What does childbirth mean to a woman? on Douban were crawled and retained for analysis. We utilized content and thematic analysis methods to capture users? concepts of childbirth. Results: The findings reveal that a significant majority of users conveyed generally neutral (1060/2634, 40.24%) or negative (1051/2634, 39.90%) attitudes toward childbirth, while only about one-fifth of users expressed positive (523/2634, 19.86%) sentiments. Notably, posts with negative attitudes garnered more replies and likes, and the proportion of posts expressing negativity exhibited fluctuations over time. Health risk (339/2634, 12.87%) emerged as the most frequently cited aspect of childbirth cost, with subjective happiness and the fulfillment of mental needs identified as primary benefits. Surprisingly, only a minimal number of posts (10/2634, 0.38%) touched upon the traditional objective benefits of raising children for old-age care. Thematic analysis results suggest that discussions about fertility on social media platforms might contribute to an exaggerated perception of health risks among women. Additionally, a lack of knowledge about childbirth was observed, partially attributable to longstanding neglect and avoidance of communication on these matters, likely influenced by traditional cultural biases. Moreover, there is a prevailing assumption that women should naturally sacrifice themselves for childbirth and childcare, influenced by the idealization of the female figure. Consequently, women may harbor hesitations about having a baby, fearing the potential loss of their own identity in the process. Conclusions: The results indicate a shift in the perception of childbirth among modern Chinese women over time, influenced by their increasing social status and the pursuit of self-realization. Implementing strategies such as public education on the health risks associated with pregnancy and delivery, safeguarding women?s rights, and creating a supportive environment for mothers may enhance women?s willingness to undergo childbirth. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/preprints.50468 UR - https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2024/1/e50512 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/50512 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38180784 ID - info:doi/10.2196/50512 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ardesch, Hendrik Frank AU - van der Vegt, Dorothy Denise AU - Kiefte-de Jong, Christina Jessica PY - 2023/12/28 TI - Problematic Social Media Use and Lifestyle Behaviors in Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e46966 VL - 6 KW - problematic social media use KW - lifestyle factors KW - adolescents KW - lifestyle behaviors KW - social media KW - addictive social media use KW - high school KW - users KW - risk factor KW - sociodemographic factors KW - addiction KW - internet KW - internet use KW - social media use N2 - Background: The use of social media by adolescents has increased considerably in the past decade. With this increase in social media use in our daily lives, there has been a rapidly expanding awareness of the potential unhealthy lifestyle-related health effects arising from excessive, maladaptive, or addictive social media use. Objective: This study aims to assess the association between adolescents? social media use and health-related behaviors. Methods: We used a cross-sectional research approach and analyzed data from 96,919 adolescents at high schools throughout the Netherlands. A structured 43-item questionnaire was used to gather data on sociodemographics, dietary and lifestyle factors, and the degree of social media use based on the Compulsive Internet Use Scale. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between problematic social media use (PSMU) and lifestyle behaviors while adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Results: Of the 96,919 included adolescents, 7.4% (n=7022) were identified as at risk for PSMU. Furthermore, logistic regression results showed that adolescents who are at risk for PSMU were more likely to report alcohol consumption and smoking while simultaneously having significantly lower levels of health-promoting behavior such as healthy eating habits (eating fruits, vegetables, and breakfast regularly) and physical activity. Conclusions: This study confirms that adolescents at risk of PSMU were more likely to exhibit an unhealthy lifestyle. Being at risk for PSMU was a determinant of soft drug use, alcohol consumption, smoking, poor eating habits, and lower physical activity independent of the additional adjusted covariates including demographic variables and remaining lifestyle variables. Future research is needed to confirm this observation in an experimental setting. UR - https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2023/1/e46966 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/46966 ID - info:doi/10.2196/46966 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cohen, Alyssa AU - Bendelow, Anne AU - Smith, Tracie AU - Cicchetti, Colleen AU - Davis, M. Matthew AU - Heffernan, Marie PY - 2023/11/16 TI - Parental Attitudes on Social Media Monitoring for Youth: Cross-Sectional Survey Study JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e46365 VL - 6 KW - social media KW - bullying KW - cyberbullying KW - parenting KW - pediatrics KW - well-being KW - wellbeing KW - online KW - monitoring KW - youth KW - internet safety KW - parent KW - survey KW - internet KW - mental health KW - cross-sectional survey N2 - Background: Online environments dominate the daily lives of American youth and pose evolving challenges to their health and well-being. Recent national poll data indicate that social media overuse, internet safety, and online bullying are among parents? top child health concerns, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. While parents are uniquely positioned to help youth navigate social media, their attitudes on monitoring media use may be impacted by a myriad of personal and family factors. Objective: This study aimed to examine factors associated with parental attitudes about monitoring social media use among youth. Methods: Data were analyzed from the Voices of Child Health in Chicago Parent Panel Survey, administered to parents over the web and by telephone. Parents with at least 1 child aged ?11 years responded to questions about bullying and social media monitoring from May to July 2020. The primary outcome was their response to the following question: ?Do you think parents should monitor their children?s use of social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram?? Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine parental agreement with frequent social media monitoring and concerns about bullying, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. Analyses were weighted to represent the parent population of Chicago. Results: Among 1613 survey respondents, the analyzed sample included 808 parents with at least 1 child aged ?11 years. Overall, 62.9% (n=566) of parents agreed with frequent parental monitoring of their children?s social media use. Compared with parents aged ?35 years, parents who were >35 years old were significantly less likely to agree with frequent social media monitoring (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.45, 95% CI 0.25-0.81). Parents expressing a high level of concern regarding the effects of bullying were more likely to agree with frequent monitoring of youth social media (aOR 2.15, 95% CI 1.24-3.73). Conclusions: Parents? personal characteristics and concerns about bullying may influence their attitudes toward monitoring social media use among youth. Given the potential impact of these attitudes on parental monitoring behaviors and the subsequent health impact on youth, pediatricians should consider these factors when counseling about bullying and social media. Child health professionals can support families in developing a safe media use plan that fits family circumstances. UR - https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2023/1/e46365 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/46365 ID - info:doi/10.2196/46365 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Frey, Erika AU - Bonfiglioli, Catriona AU - Frawley, Jane PY - 2023/10/20 TI - Parents? Use of Social Media for Health Information Before and After a Consultation With Health Care Professionals: Australian Cross-Sectional Study JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e48012 VL - 6 KW - social media KW - information seeking behavior KW - parenting KW - child KW - infant KW - health literacy KW - patient education KW - digital platform KW - information KW - health information KW - public health N2 - Background: Social media is a crucial source of health information for many parents due to its integration into modern life, raising critical concerns for public health. Parents use various social media platforms to find health information for their children, with most information created and shared by parents with no medical or health training. The extent to which parents seek health information from social media before and after a consultation and their motivations for doing so remain underresearched. Objective: This study aimed to investigate Australian parents? use of social media for health information for their children, aged between 6 months and 5 years, before and after consulting with health care professionals. Methods: A representative cross-sectional survey of 1000 Australian parents with children aged 6 months to 5 years was conducted between November and December 2021. Data were cleaned and analyzed using IBM SPSS software. The primary outcomes were (1) parental motivation and prevalence of social media use for health information and (2) parental motivation for using social media before and after a consultation with their child?s health care professional. Results: Of the 1000 parents surveyed, 82.2% (n=822) reported using social media for health information for their child. Parents were more likely to consult social media before and after a health consultation if they were aged 30-39 or ?50 years and born in Australia. Parents with higher levels of education were less likely to consult social media. Parents were motivated to seek health information before a consultation for a variety of reasons, including exchanging opinions and experiences (639/767, 83.3%), having information that is available 24/7 (622/767, 81.1%), receiving emotional support (599/767, 78.1%), having previous positive experiences (597/767, 77.8%), and having friends and family that use social media for health information (577/767, 75.2%). Parents sought information after a consultation to connect with parents with similar experiences (546/794, 68.8%), seek a second opinion (505/794, 63.6%), fact-check information provided by their health care professional (483/794, 60.8%), and look for other treatment options (353/794, 44.5%). Conclusion: Using social media for child health information is part of the modern parenting experience. It can be challenging to discern the quality of health information on social media, leaving parents open to incorrect information and misinformation. Although access to immediate social support is a welcomed feature of social media, receiving incorrect health information can have unwanted consequences for the child, family, health provider, and wider community. The upskilling of parental health literacy to navigate the unique health literacy challenges that social media brings, alongside the creation and delivery of accessible, evidence-based information in varying formats, is urgently required. The provision of this information is the responsibility of every level of the health system, not just the treating health care professional. UR - https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2023/1/e48012 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/48012 ID - info:doi/10.2196/48012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yam-Ubon, Umaporn AU - Thongseiratch, Therdpong PY - 2023/7/28 TI - Using a Design Thinking Approach to Develop a Social Media?Based Parenting Program for Parents of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Mixed Methods Study JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e48201 VL - 6 IS - 1 KW - attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder KW - ADHD KW - parenting programs KW - human-centered design thinking KW - online interventions KW - COVID-19 pandemic KW - children KW - development KW - online parenting program KW - parenting KW - behavior KW - support KW - feasibility KW - social media KW - prototype KW - testing KW - design N2 - Background: Parenting programs have proven effective in improving the behavior of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, barriers such as job and transportation constraints hinder parents from attending face-to-face therapy appointments. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated these challenges. Objective: This study aimed to develop and test the feasibility of a social media?based parenting program for parents of children with ADHD, considering both the pre-existing challenges faced by parents and the additional barriers imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study used a 5-stage design thinking process, encompassing empathizing with parents, defining their needs, ideating innovative solutions, prototyping the program, and testing the program with parents. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 18 parents of children with ADHD to understand their unique needs and values. Brainstorming techniques were used to generate creative ideas, leading to the creation of a prototype that was tested with 32 parents. Participants? engagement with the program was measured, and posttraining feedback was collected to assess the program?s effectiveness. Results: Parents of children with ADHD encounter specific challenges, including managing impulsive behavior and difficulties in emotion regulation. The social media?based parenting program was delivered through the LINE app (Line Corporation) and consisted of 7 modules addressing topics related to ADHD management and effective parenting strategies. The program exhibited a high completion rate, with 84% (27/32) of participants successfully finishing it. Program provider?participant interaction peaked during the first week and gradually decreased over time. Qualitative feedback indicated that the program was feasible, accessible, and well received by participants. The LINE app was found to be convenient and helpful, and participants preferred content delivery once or twice per week, expressing acceptance for various content formats. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the significance of adopting a human-centered design thinking approach to develop parenting programs that cater to the unique needs and values of parents. By leveraging social media platforms, such as LINE, a parenting program can overcome the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and other constraints faced by parents. LINE offers a viable and feasible option for supporting parents of children with ADHD, with the potential for customization and widespread dissemination beyond the pandemic context. UR - https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2023/1/e48201 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/48201 ID - info:doi/10.2196/48201 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bouchacourt, Lindsay AU - Henson-Garci?a, Mike AU - Sussman, Leah Kristen AU - Mandell, Dorothy AU - Wilcox, Gary AU - Mackert, Michael PY - 2023/2/15 TI - Web-Based Conversations Regarding Fathers Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Content Analysis JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e40371 VL - 6 KW - social media KW - expecting fathers KW - new fathers KW - Twitter KW - Reddit KW - content analysis KW - topic model KW - topic analysis KW - parent KW - father N2 - Background: Studies of new and expecting parents largely focus on the mother, leaving a gap in knowledge about fathers. Objective: This study aimed to understand web-based conversations regarding new and expecting fathers on social media and to explore whether the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the web-based conversation. Methods: A social media analysis was conducted. Brandwatch (Cision) captured social posts related to new and expecting fathers between February 1, 2019, and February 12, 2021. Overall, 2 periods were studied: 1 year before and 1 year during the pandemic. SAS Text Miner analyzed the data and produced 47% (9/19) of the topics in the first period and 53% (10/19) of the topics in the second period. The 19 topics were organized into 6 broad themes. Results: Overall, 26% (5/19) of the topics obtained during each period were the same, showing consistency in conversation. In total, 6 broad themes were created: fatherhood thoughts, fatherhood celebrations, advice seeking, fatherhood announcements, external parties targeting fathers, and miscellaneous. Conclusions: Fathers use social media to make announcements, celebrate fatherhood, seek advice, and interact with other fathers. Others used social media to advertise baby products and promote baby-related resources for fathers. Overall, the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic appeared to have little impact on the excitement and resiliency of new fathers as they transition to parenthood. Altogether, these findings provide insight and guidance on the ways in which public health professionals can rapidly gather information about special populations?such as new and expecting fathers via the web?to monitor their beliefs, attitudes, emotional reactions, and unique lived experiences in context (ie, throughout a global pandemic). UR - https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2023/1/e40371 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/40371 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36790850 ID - info:doi/10.2196/40371 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thompson, L. Erika AU - Preston, M. Sharice AU - Francis, R. Jenny K. AU - Rodriguez, A. Serena AU - Pruitt, L. Sandi AU - Blackwell, James-Michael AU - Tiro, A. Jasmin PY - 2022/9/14 TI - Social Media Perceptions and Internet Verification Skills Associated With Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Decision-Making Among Parents of Children and Adolescents: Cross-sectional Survey JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e38297 VL - 5 IS - 3 KW - HPV vaccination KW - human papillomavirus KW - social media KW - decision-making KW - vaccination KW - teens KW - adolescents KW - parent KW - USA KW - United States KW - misinformation KW - internet KW - survey KW - unvaccinated KW - child KW - online KW - health KW - literacy KW - decision KW - health care KW - teen KW - vaccine N2 - Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is recommended for children aged 11-12 years in the United States. One factor that may contribute to low national HPV vaccine uptake is parental exposure to misinformation on social media. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between parents? perceptions of the HPV vaccine information on social media and internet verification strategies used with the HPV vaccine decision-making stage for their child. Methods: Parents of children and adolescents aged 9-17 years were recruited for a cross-sectional survey in North Texas (n=1192) and classified into 3 groups: children and adolescents who (1) were vaccinated, (2) unvaccinated and did not want the vaccine, and (3) unvaccinated and wanted the vaccine. Multinomial logistic regression models were estimated to identify factors associated with the HPV vaccine decision-making stage with children and adolescents who were vaccinated as the referent group. Results: Of the 1192 respondents, 44.7% (n=533) had an HPV-vaccinated child, 38.8% (n=463) had an unvaccinated child and did not want the vaccine, and 16.4% (n=196) had an unvaccinated child and wanted the vaccine. Respondents were less likely to be ?undecided/not wanting the vaccine? if they agreed that HPV information on social media is credible (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.40, 95% CI 0.26-0.60; P=.001), disagreed that social media makes them question the HPV vaccine (aOR 0.22, 95% CI 0.15-0.33; P<.001), or had a higher internet verification score (aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.62-0.88; P<.001). Conclusions: Interventions that promote web-based health literacy skills are needed so parents can protect their families from misinformation and make informed health care decisions. UR - https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2022/3/e38297 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/38297 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36103216 ID - info:doi/10.2196/38297 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kelly, Jennifer Katherine AU - Doucet, Shelley AU - Luke, Alison AU - Azar, Rima AU - Montelpare, William PY - 2022/7/6 TI - Experiences, Motivations, and Perceived Impact of Participation in a Facebook-Based Support Group for Caregivers of Children and Youth With Complex Care Needs: Qualitative Descriptive Study JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e33172 VL - 5 IS - 3 KW - caregiver experiences KW - peer-to-peer support KW - social support KW - social media KW - children with complex care needs KW - Facebook group N2 - Background: Caregivers of children and youth with complex care needs (CCNs) often require considerable support to ensure the well-being of their families. Social media present an opportunity to better support caregivers through computer-mediated communication for social support. Peer-to-peer (P2P) support groups are a way in which caregivers are accessing needed support; however, the experiences of caregivers who use these groups and the perceived impact that participation has on caregivers of children and youth with CCNs are not known. Objective: This study aimed to explore the experiences of caregivers of children and youth with CCNs who use a Facebook-based P2P support group to communicate, understand their motivations to use the group, and investigate its perceived impact on knowledge of programs and services and sense of community belonging among caregivers. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was used to explore the experiences and perceived impact of a Facebook-based (Meta Platforms) P2P support group for caregivers of children and youth with CCNs in New Brunswick, Canada. The group was launched on the web in October 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and resulted in 108 caregivers joining the group. A web-based survey was distributed, and semistructured interviews were conducted in February 2021 with a subsample of members. Thematic analysis was used to identify and report patterns related to caregivers? experiences and perceived impacts of participation. Results: A subsample of members in the Facebook group completed the web-based survey (39/108, 36.1%) and interviews (14/108, 12.9%). A total of 5 themes emerged from the interviews: safe space, informational support and direction, web-based connection with peers, impact on knowledge of programs and services, and degree of community belonging. Participants reported joining the group to obtain geography-specific information support and connect with peers. Many participants reported an improvement in their knowledge of programs and services and felt connected to the community; however, the short observation period and diversity among the caregiver population were cited as barriers to community belonging. Conclusions: Social media present an important opportunity to facilitate the exchange of support between patients and caregivers in an accessible and curated environment. Findings from this study suggest that involvement in web-based, geography-specific P2P support groups can influence perceived knowledge of services and resources and sense of community belonging among caregivers of children and youth with CCNs. Furthermore, this study provides insight into the experiences and motivations of caregivers of children and youth with CCNs who participate in a private social media environment. UR - https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2022/3/e33172 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/33172 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35793139 ID - info:doi/10.2196/33172 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kelly, Jennifer Katherine AU - Doucet, Shelley AU - Luke, Alison AU - Azar, Rima AU - Montelpare, William PY - 2022/6/7 TI - Exploring the Use of a Facebook-Based Support Group for Caregivers of Children and Youth With Complex Care Needs: Qualitative Descriptive Study JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e33170 VL - 5 IS - 2 KW - peer-to-peer support KW - children KW - youth KW - complex care needs KW - social media KW - social support N2 - Background: Caregivers of children and youth with complex care needs (CCN) require substantial support to ensure the well-being of their families. Web-based peer-to-peer (P2P) support groups present an opportunity for caregivers to seek and provide timely informational and emotional support. Despite the widespread use of social media for health-related support across diverse patient and caregiver populations, it is unclear how caregivers of children and youth with CCN use and potentially benefit from these groups. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the use of a web-based P2P support group for caregivers of children and youth with CCN in New Brunswick, Canada, and investigate factors related to its use by members. Methods: The study sample consisted of individuals who joined a closed Facebook group and an analysis of content published to the group. In phase 1, a Facebook group was developed in consultation with a patient and family advisory council, and members were recruited to the group. Phase 2 of this study consisted of an observation period during which posts and related interactions (ie, likes, loves, and comments) by members were collected. In phase 3, a web-based survey was distributed, and semistructured interviews were conducted with a subsample of group members. Survey and interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: A total of 108 caregivers joined the Facebook group between October 2020 and March 2021. There were 93 posts with 405 comments and 542 associated interactions (448/542, 82.7% likes and 94/542, 17.3% loves). Of these 93 posts, 37 (40%) were made by group members, and 56 (60%) were made by moderators. Of the 108 members, a subsample of 39 (36.1%) completed a web-based survey, and 14 (13%) participated in the interviews. Content analyses of posts by members revealed that inquiry (17/37, 46%), informational (15/37, 41%), and emotional posts (4/37, 11%) were the most common. Emotional posts received the highest number of interactions (median 24.5). In total, 5 themes emerged from the interviews related to the use of the group and mediating factors of interactions between group members: resource for information, altruistic contribution, varying level of engagement, perceived barriers to and facilitators of group activity, and moderators as contributing members. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that caregivers of children and youth with CCN seek geography-specific P2P support groups to meet informational and social support needs. This study contributes to the knowledge on how caregivers use Facebook groups to meet their support needs through moderate and passive engagement. UR - https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2022/2/e33170 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/33170 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35671082 ID - info:doi/10.2196/33170 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Douglass, H. Caitlin AU - Borthwick, Aidan AU - Lim, C. Megan S. AU - Erbas, Bircan AU - Eren, Senem AU - Higgs, Peter PY - 2022/5/10 TI - Social Media and Online Digital Technology Use Among Muslim Young People and Parents: Qualitative Focus Group Study JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e36858 VL - 5 IS - 2 KW - Muslim KW - social media KW - young adult KW - qualitative research KW - social connection KW - parenting KW - pediatrics KW - digital health KW - youth KW - adolescent KW - parent KW - digital technology KW - user experience KW - mental health KW - psychological effect KW - diverse population KW - COVID-19 N2 - Background: Digital technology and social media use are common among young people in Australia and worldwide. Research suggests that young people have both positive and negative experiences online, but we know little about the experiences of Muslim communities. Objective: This study aims to explore the positive and negative experiences of digital technology and social media use among young people and parents from Muslim backgrounds in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Methods: This study involved a partnership between researchers and a not-for-profit organization that work with culturally and linguistically diverse communities. We adopted a participatory and qualitative approach and designed the research in consultation with young people from Muslim backgrounds. Data were collected through in-person and online focus groups with 33 young people aged 16-22 years and 15 parents aged 40-57 years. Data were thematically analyzed. Results: We generated 3 themes: (1) maintaining local and global connections, (2) a paradoxical space: identity, belonging and discrimination, and (3) the digital divide between young Muslims and parents. Results highlighted that social media was an important extension of social and cultural connections, particularly during COVID-19, when people were unable to connect through school or places of worship. Young participants perceived social media as a space where they could establish their identity and feel a sense of belonging. However, participants were also at risk of being exposed to discrimination and unrealistic standards of beauty and success. Although parents and young people shared some similar concerns, there was a large digital divide in online experiences. Both groups implemented strategies to reduce social media use, with young people believing that having short technology-free breaks during prayer and quality family time was beneficial for their mental well-being. Conclusions: Programs that address technology-related harms must acknowledge the benefits of social media for young Muslims across identity, belonging, representation, and social connection. Further research is required to understand how parents and young people can create environments that foster technology-free breaks to support mental well-being. UR - https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2022/2/e36858 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/36858 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35536616 ID - info:doi/10.2196/36858 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lee, Clement AU - Zhou, S. Melissa AU - Wang, R. Evelyn AU - Huber, Matthew AU - Lockwood, K. Katie AU - Parga, Joanna PY - 2022/2/1 TI - Health Care Professional and Caregiver Attitudes Toward and Usage of Medical Podcasting: Questionnaire Study JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e29857 VL - 5 IS - 1 KW - podcasts KW - social media KW - caregiver KW - parent KW - parenting KW - education KW - pediatrics KW - podcasting KW - patient education N2 - Background: Podcasts are used increasingly in medicine. There is growing research into the role of podcasts in medical education, but the use of podcasting as a tool for pediatric parent/caregiver health education is largely unexplored. As parents/caregivers seek medical information online, an understanding of parental preferences is needed. Objective: We sought to explore health care professional and parent/caregiver awareness and views on podcasting as a health education tool. Methods: This survey study was conducted and distributed via in-person collection from parents/caregivers (?18 years old) in the waiting room of an academic pediatric primary care clinic, targeted social media promotion, and professional listservs for health care professionals in pediatrics. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests of independence between categorical variables. Results: In total, 125 health care professionals and 126 caregivers completed the survey. Of those surveyed, 81% (101/125) of health care professionals and 55% (69/126) of parents/caregivers listened to podcasts (P<.001). Health care professionals and parents/caregivers listed the same top 3 quality indicators for medical podcasts. Podcast listeners were more likely to have higher incomes and use professional websites for information. The survey elicited a variety of reasons for podcast nonengagement. Conclusions: Health care professionals appear to be more engaged in medical education podcasts than parents/caregivers. However, similar factors were valued when evaluating the quality of a pediatric podcast: accuracy, transparency, and credibility. Professional websites may be one avenue to increase podcast uptake. More needs to be done to explore the use of podcasts and digital media for medical information. UR - https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2022/1/e29857 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/29857 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35103616 ID - info:doi/10.2196/29857 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Titgemeyer, Catrin Sarah AU - Schaaf, P. Christian PY - 2022/1/6 TI - Facebook Support Groups for Pediatric Rare Diseases: Cross-Sectional Study to Investigate Opportunities, Limitations, and Privacy Concerns JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e31411 VL - 5 IS - 1 KW - Facebook KW - support group KW - parental support KW - pediatric rare diseases KW - privacy paradox KW - children?s privacy N2 - Background: Because of the nature of rare diseases with affected individuals being widely geographically dispersed, finding an in-person/offline support group itself can be a challenge. Affected individuals therefore turn to social networking platforms such as Facebook for online support groups. Objective: We aim to put into perspective the opportunities Facebook offers as a tool for pediatric rare disease support groups by investigating its use, advantages, and limitations including privacy concerns. We analyze group accessibility and usage, advantages specific to rare diseases, perceived privacy, and views on using Facebook for communication between health professionals and parents, pharmaceutical companies, and study recruitment. Methods: We contacted 12 Facebook support groups for 12 respective rare diseases with pediatric onset and invited group members to participate in a cross-sectional online survey. Results: Of 231 respondents, 87.0% (n=201) of respondents were female, 12.6% (n=29) were male, and 0.4% reported another sex (n=1). Respondents? mean age was 41.56 years (SD 9.375); 91.3% (n=211) of respondents were parents (183 mothers, 27 fathers, 1 other sex); 59.7% (n=138) reported a self-initiated search for the Facebook group, 24.2% (n=56) received recommendations from their health professionals, and 12.6% (n=29) recommendations from someone else affected by the disease. On average, support group members visited Facebook at least once a day, visited and passively participated (read/liked posts) several times a week, and participated actively (commented/posted) once a month. As much as 79.2% (183/231) agreed that they would like to have health professionals as members of the respective Facebook group. Group members expressed more concern about privacy issues on Facebook in general than in their respective Facebook support groups, with concerns mostly related to Facebook itself and nongroup members. Conclusions: Our study confirmed that Facebook enhances support group accessibility for parents of children with rare diseases. Group participants perceive a reduction and elimination of distance, a common challenge in rare disease, and Facebook support groups create an environment of perceived privacy. The group?s privacy setting can be a critical factor for active support group participation. Sharing personal information and pictures on Facebook is very common among group participants, which shows the importance of discussing and protecting children?s privacy rights in this context. Trial Registration: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00016067; https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00016067 UR - https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2022/1/e31411 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/31411 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34989690 ID - info:doi/10.2196/31411 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chin, Samuel AU - Carlin, Rebecca AU - Mathews, Anita AU - Moon, Rachel PY - 2021/11/15 TI - Infant Safe Sleep Practices as Portrayed on Instagram: Observational Study JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e27297 VL - 4 IS - 4 KW - sleep position KW - bed-sharing KW - social norms KW - social media KW - safe sleep KW - bedding N2 - Background: Parenting practices are highly influenced by perceived social norms. Social norms and American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines for infant safe sleep practices are often inconsistent. Instagram has become one of the most popular social media websites among young adults (including many expectant and new parents). We hypothesized that the majority of Instagram images of infant sleep and sleep environments are inconsistent with AAP guidelines, and that the number of ?likes? for each image would not correlate with adherence of the image to these guidelines. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the extent of adherence of Instagram images of infant sleep and sleep environments to safe infant sleep guidelines. Methods: We searched Instagram using hashtags that were relevant to infant sleeping practices and environments. We then used an open-source web scraper to collect images and the number of ?likes? for each image from 27 hashtags. Images were analyzed for adherence to AAP safe sleep guidelines. Results: A total of 1563 images (1134 of sleeping infant; 429 of infant sleep environment without sleeping infant) met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Only 117 (7.49%) of the 1563 images were consistent with AAP guidelines. The most common reasons for inconsistency with AAP guidelines were presence of bedding (1173/1563, 75.05%) and nonrecommended sleep position (479/1134, 42.24%). The number of ?likes? was not correlated with adherence of the image to AAP guidelines. Conclusions: Although individuals who use Instagram and post pictures of sleeping infants or infant sleep environments may not actually use these practices regularly, the consistent portrayal of images inconsistent with AAP guidelines reinforces that these practices are normative and may influence the practice of young parents. UR - https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2021/4/e27297 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/27297 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34779783 ID - info:doi/10.2196/27297 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sinclair, Marlene AU - McCullough, M. Julie E. AU - Elliott, David AU - Braz, Paula AU - Cavero-Carbonell, Clara AU - Dornan, Lesley AU - Jamry-Dziurla, Anna AU - João Santos, Ana AU - Latos-Biele?ska, Anna AU - Machado, Ausenda AU - Páramo-Rodríguez, Lucía PY - 2021/11/15 TI - Using Social Media as a Research Tool for a Bespoke Web-Based Platform for Stakeholders of Children With Congenital Anomalies: Development Study JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e18483 VL - 4 IS - 4 KW - Facebook KW - YouTube KW - Twitter KW - social media KW - metrics KW - e-forum KW - congenital anomalies KW - coproduction KW - COVID-19 N2 - Background: Limited research evidence exists on the development of web-based platforms for reciprocal communication, coproduction research, and dissemination of information among parents, professionals, and researchers. This paper provides learning and the outcomes of setting up a bespoke web-based platform using social media. Objective: This study aims to explore the establishment of a web-based, multicontextual research communication platform for parents and stakeholders of children with congenital anomalies using social media and to identify associated research and ethical and technical challenges. Methods: The ConnectEpeople e-forum was developed using social media platforms with a stakeholder engagement process. A multilevel approach was implemented for reciprocal engagement between parents of children with congenital anomalies, researchers, health care professionals, and other stakeholders using private and invisible and public Facebook groups, closed Twitter groups, and YouTube. Ethical approval was obtained from Ulster University. Results: Nonprofit organizations (N=128) were invited to engage with an initial response rate of 16.4% (21/128). Of the 105 parents contacted, 32 entered the private and invisible Facebook groups to participate in the coproduction research. Public Facebook page followers rose to 215, a total of 22 posts had an engagement of >10%, and 34 posts had a reach of over 100. Webinars included requested information on childhood milestones and behavior. YouTube coverage included 106 ConnectEpeople videos with 28,708 impressions. Project information was obtained from 35 countries. The highest Facebook activity occurred during the early morning hours. Achievement of these results required dedicated time management, social media expertise, creativity, and sharing knowledge to curate valuable content. Conclusions: Building and maintaining a multilayered online forum for coproduction and information sharing is challenging. Technical considerations include understanding the functionality and versatility of social media metrics. Social media offers valuable, easily accessible, quantitative, and qualitative data that can drive the reciprocal process of forum development. The identification and integration of the needs of the ConnectEpeople e-forum was a key driver in the dissemination of useful, meaningful, and accessible information. The necessary dedicated administration to respond to requests and posts and collate data required significant time and effort. Participant safety, the development of trust, and the maintenance of confidentiality were major ethical considerations. Discussions on social media platforms enabled parents to support each other and their children. Social media platforms are particularly useful in identifying common family needs related to early childhood development. This research approach was challenging but resulted in valuable outputs requiring further application and testing. This may be of particular importance in response to COVID-19 or future pandemics. Incorporating flexible, adaptable social media strategies into research projects is recommended to develop effective platforms for collaborative and impactful research and dissemination. UR - https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2021/4/e18483 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18483 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34779778 ID - info:doi/10.2196/18483 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wu, Y. Jania J. AU - Ahmad, Nurulhuda AU - Samuel, Miny AU - Logan, Susan AU - Mattar, Z. Citra N. PY - 2021/8/26 TI - The Influence of Web-Based Tools on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Pregnant Adolescents or Adolescent Mothers: Mixed Methods Systematic Review JO - J Med Internet Res SP - e26786 VL - 23 IS - 8 KW - pregnancy in adolescence KW - teenagers KW - adolescents KW - pregnancy KW - postpartum KW - internet KW - digital health KW - digital media KW - new digital media KW - eHealth KW - social media KW - social network KW - communications media N2 - Background: Pregnant adolescent women increasingly seek support during pregnancy and the puerperium through digital platforms instead of the traditional support system of family, friends, and the community. However, it is uncertain whether digital, web-based tools are reliable and effective in providing information to the user on a variety of topics such as fetal development, pregnancy outcomes, delivery, and breastfeeding to improve maternal and infant outcomes. Objective: We aimed to identify web-based tools designed to promote knowledge, attitudes, and skills of pregnant adolescents or adolescent mothers and determine the efficacy of such web-based tools compared with conventional resources in promoting good pregnancy and infant outcomes. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO for articles published from January 2004 to November 2020 to identify randomized trials and observational studies that evaluated digital, web-based platforms to deliver resources to pregnant adolescents. All articles written in the author?s languages were included. Two authors independently reviewed abstracts and full-text articles for inclusion and assessed study quality. Risk of bias in each study was assessed using appropriate tools recommended by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) and the Joanna Briggs Institute. We adopted a qualitative synthesis and presented the results in a narrative format due to the heterogenous nature of the studies. Results: Seven articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The majority of the studies were graded to be of low to moderate risk for bias. The research methodologies represented were varied, ranging from randomized (n=1) and nonrandomized controlled trials (n=1) and prospective cohort studies (n=1) to mixed methods studies (n=1) and longitudinal surveys (n=3). Four studies included active web-based interventions, and 3 described exposure to web-based tools, including the use of social media and/or other internet content. Web-based tools positively influenced treatment-seeking intentions (intervention 17.1%, control 11.5%, P=.003) and actual treatment-seeking behavior for depression among postpartum adolescents (intervention 14.1%, control 6.5%, P<.001). In contrast, readily available information on the internet may leave adolescents with increased anxiety. The critical difference lies in information curated by health care professionals specifically to address targeted concerns versus self-acquired data sourced from various websites. Conclusions: Despite almost universal web use, few studies have used this platform for health promotion and disease prevention. Social media interventions or web-based tools have the potential to positively influence both maternal and infant outcomes in adolescent pregnancy, but there is a need for more well-conducted studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of these support programs. The vastness of the information available on the web limits the ability of health care professionals to monitor or control sources of information sought by patients. Thus, it is important to create professionally curated platforms to prevent or limit exposure to potentially misleading or harmful information on the internet while imparting useful knowledge to the user. Trial Registration: PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020195854; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=195854 UR - https://www.jmir.org/2021/8/e26786 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26786 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34435961 ID - info:doi/10.2196/26786 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oakley-Girvan, Ingrid AU - Watterson, L. Jessica AU - Jones, Cheryl AU - Houghton, C. Lauren AU - Gibbons, P. Marley AU - Gokal, Kajal AU - Magsamen-Conrad, Kate PY - 2021/7/30 TI - Use of Social Media for Cancer Prevention Through Neighborhood Social Cohesion: Protocol for a Feasibility Study JO - JMIR Res Protoc SP - e28147 VL - 10 IS - 7 KW - social cohesion KW - mothers KW - neighborhood KW - physical activity KW - social media KW - social KW - behavior KW - health outcomes KW - socioeconomic status KW - community health KW - chronic disease KW - social network KW - feasibility KW - wellbeing KW - cancer N2 - Background: Social cohesion is associated with healthier behaviors and better health outcomes, and therefore may offer a mechanism for promoting better health. Low socioeconomic status (SES) communities face higher rates of chronic disease due to both community- and individual-level factors. Objective: The aim of this study is to leverage social cohesion to promote healthier behaviors and prevent chronic disease in a low SES community. This protocol outlines the methodology for a pilot study to assess the feasibility of an intervention (Free Time For Wellness [FT4W]) using a social networking platform (Nextdoor) with mothers living in an urban, low-income community to improve social cohesion and promote healthy behaviors. Methods: The study will involve three phases: (I) co-designing the intervention with mothers in the neighborhoods of interest, (II) implementing the intervention with community leaders through the social networking platform, and (III) evaluating the intervention?s feasibility. Phase I of the study will include qualitative data collection and analysis from in-depth, semistructured interviews and a co-design group session with mothers. Phases II and III of the study include a pre- and postintervention survey of participating mothers. Neighborhood-level data on social cohesion will also be collected to enable comparison of outcomes between neighborhoods with higher and lower baseline social cohesion. Results: As of March 2021, recruitment and data collection for this study are complete. This protocol outlines our original study plan, although the final enrollment numbers and intervention implementation deviated from our initial planned methodology that is outlined in this protocol. These implementation learnings will be shared in subsequent publications of our study results. Conclusions: Ultimately, this study aims to: (1) determine the barriers and facilitators to finding free time for wellness among a population of low-income mothers to inform the co-design process, and (2) implement and study the feasibility of an intervention that leverages social cohesion to promote physical activity in a community of low-income mothers. The results of this study will provide preliminary feasibility evidence to inform a larger effectiveness trial, and will further our understanding of how social cohesion might influence well-being. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): RR1-10.2196/28147 UR - https://www.researchprotocols.org/2021/7/e28147 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/28147 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34328445 ID - info:doi/10.2196/28147 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schneble, Olivier Christophe AU - Favaretto, Maddalena AU - Elger, Simonne Bernice AU - Shaw, Martin David PY - 2021/4/22 TI - Social Media Terms and Conditions and Informed Consent From Children: Ethical Analysis JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e22281 VL - 4 IS - 2 KW - social media KW - big data KW - ethics KW - children KW - health data KW - terms and conditions KW - trusted partnership KW - medical ethics KW - mobile phone N2 - Background: Terms and conditions define the relationship between social media companies and users. However, these legal agreements are long and written in a complex language. It remains questionable whether users understand the terms and conditions and are aware of the consequences of joining such a network. With children from a young age interacting with social media, companies are acquiring large amounts of data, resulting in longitudinal data sets that most researchers can only dream of. The use of social media by children is highly relevant to their mental and physical health for 2 reasons: their health can be adversely affected by social media and their data can be used to conduct health research. Objective: The aim of this paper is to offer an ethical analysis of how the most common social media apps and services inform users and obtain their consent regarding privacy and other issues and to discuss how lessons from research ethics can lead to trusted partnerships between users and social media companies. Our paper focuses on children, who represent a sensitive group among users of social media platforms. Methods: A thematic analysis of the terms and conditions of the 20 most popular social media platforms and the 2 predominant mobile phone ecosystems (Android and iOS) was conducted. The results of this analysis served as the basis for scoring these platforms. Results: The analysis showed that most platforms comply with the age requirements issued by legislators. However, the consent process during sign-up was not taken seriously. Terms and conditions are often too long and difficult to understand, especially for younger users. The same applies to age verification, which is not realized proactively but instead relies on other users who report underaged users. Conclusions: This study reveals that social media networks are still lacking in many respects regarding the adequate protection of children. Consent procedures are flawed because they are too complex, and in some cases, children can create social media accounts without sufficient age verification or parental oversight. Adopting measures based on key ethical principles will safeguard the health and well-being of children. This could mean standardizing the registration process in accordance with modern research ethics procedures: give users the key facts that they need in a format that can be read easily and quickly, rather than forcing them to wade through chapters of legal language that they cannot understand. Improving these processes would help safeguard the mental health of children and other social media users. UR - https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2021/2/e22281 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/22281 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33885366 ID - info:doi/10.2196/22281 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Skelton, Kara AU - Evans, Retta AU - LaChenaye, Jenna PY - 2020/3/24 TI - Hidden Communities of Practice in Social Media Groups: Mixed Methods Study JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e14355 VL - 3 IS - 1 KW - online social support KW - breastfeeding KW - social media KW - social support system N2 - Background: Although most US mothers initiate breastfeeding, suboptimal breastfeeding rates still exist. Although breastfeeding is a complex process, social support has been linked with increases in positive breastfeeding outcomes. Recent technological advances, including the development of social networking sites, provide mothers with convenient access to a unique array of audiences from which to seek advice about parenting, including breastfeeding. However, little is known about how the use of the sites?specifically groups centered around breastfeeding?influences breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, or behaviors. Objective: This mixed methods study aimed to explore utilization of an existing probreastfeeding Facebook group and how utilization influences breastfeeding-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Methods: Participants were recruited online through Facebook wall posts from within the existing group. Mothers aged between 18 and 50 years who were pregnant and intended to breastfeed, were currently breastfeeding, or had recently weaned their infant in the past 3 years were eligible to participate. Participants engaged in online focus group discussions (n=21) and individual interviews (n=12). Inductive content analysis of qualitative data led to the conceptualization and contextualization of a breastfeeding community of practice (COP). Using qualitative results, a quantitative survey was then developed to assess the prevalence of qualities of a COP as well as how COP usage influenced breastfeeding-related attitudes and knowledge. A total of 314 mothers completed the online survey. Results: Qualitative findings showed an overall sense of community, with subthemes of group trust, interaction, and the promotion of breastfeeding. A majority (287/314, 91.5%) of mothers initiated breastfeeding, with 69.0% (216/314) of mothers reporting exclusive breastfeeding their infant at 6 months. Approximately 98.5% (309/314) of mothers reported that the Facebook group captured and stored knowledge; therefore, information could be easily accessed and applied. In addition, 96.2% (302/317) of mothers reported that the Facebook group motivated them to share breastfeeding-related knowledge. Conclusions: The results suggest that this existing probreastfeeding Facebook group exhibits characteristics of an online COP, which was organically formed. Utilization of the Facebook group, in the context of an online COP, could be beneficial in impacting breastfeeding-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. However, further examination and exploration of breastfeeding COPs, including using this type of model as a method of lactation support or as a telemedicine framework, is a clear need. UR - http://pediatrics.jmir.org/2020/1/e14355/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14355 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32207693 ID - info:doi/10.2196/14355 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Parga-Belinkie, Joanna AU - Merchant, M. Raina PY - 2019/12/20 TI - Voices in Evidence-Based Newborn Care: A How-to-Guide on Developing a Parent-Facing Podcast JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e16335 VL - 2 IS - 2 KW - neonatology KW - social media KW - medical education KW - patient education UR - http://pediatrics.jmir.org/2019/2/e16335/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16335 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31859674 ID - info:doi/10.2196/16335 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sinclair, Marlene AU - McCullough, EM Julie AU - Elliott, David AU - Latos-Bielenska, Anna AU - Braz, Paula AU - Cavero-Carbonell, Clara AU - Jamry-Dziurla, Anna AU - João Santos, Ana AU - Páramo-Rodríguez, Lucía PY - 2019/11/25 TI - Exploring Research Priorities of Parents Who Have Children With Down Syndrome, Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate, Congenital Heart Defects, or Spina Bifida Using ConnectEpeople: A Social Media Coproduction Research Study JO - J Med Internet Res SP - e15847 VL - 21 IS - 11 KW - e-forum KW - social media KW - Web-based survey KW - Facebook KW - STAI KW - Down syndrome KW - cleft lip with or without cleft palate KW - congenital heart defects KW - spina bifida KW - parents KW - ocularcentrism KW - coproduction N2 - Background: Using social media for research purposes is novel and challenging in terms of recruitment, participant knowledge about the research process, and ethical issues. This paper provides insight into the recruitment of European parents of children with specific congenital anomalies to engage in coproduction research by using social media. Secret Facebook groups, providing optimal security, were set up for newly recruited research-aware parents (RAPs) to communicate privately and confidentially with each other and for the research team to generate questions and to interpret findings. Objective: This study aimed to use social media for the recruitment and engagement of parents in research and to determine the research priorities of parents who have children with Down syndrome, cleft lip with or without cleft palate, congenital heart defects, and spina bifida. Methods: The design was exploratory and descriptive with 3 phases. Phase 1 included the recruitment of RAPs and generation of research questions important to them; phase 2 was a Web-based survey, designed using Qualtrics software, and phase 3 included analysis and ranking of the top 10 research questions using an adapted James Lind Alliance approach. Simple descriptive statistics were used for analysis, and ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Filter Committee of the Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University. Results: The recruitment of 32 RAPs was a sensitive process, varying in the time taken to consent (mean 51 days). However, parents valued the screening approach using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory as a measure to ensure their well-being (mean 32.5). In phase 1, RAPs generated 98 research questions. In phase 2, 251 respondents accessed the Web-based survey, 248 consented, and 80 completed the survey, giving a completeness rate of 32.3% (80/248). Most parents used social media (74/80, 92%). Social media, online forums, and meeting in person were ranked the most preferable methods for communication with support groups networks and charities. Most respondents stated that they had a good understanding of research reports (71/80, 89%) and statistics (68/80, 85%) and could differentiate among the different types of research methodologies (62/80, 78%). Phase 3 demonstrated consensus among RAPs and survey respondents, with a need to know the facts about their child?s condition, future health, and psychosocial and educational outcomes for children with similar issues. Conclusions: Social media is a valuable facilitator in the coproduction of research between parents and researchers. From a theoretical perspective, ocularcentrism can be an applicable frame of reference for understanding how people favor visual contact. UR - http://www.jmir.org/2019/11/e15847/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15847 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31763986 ID - info:doi/10.2196/15847 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moon, Y. Rachel AU - Mathews, Anita AU - Oden, Rosalind AU - Carlin, Rebecca PY - 2019/07/09 TI - Mothers? Perceptions of the Internet and Social Media as Sources of Parenting and Health Information: Qualitative Study JO - J Med Internet Res SP - e14289 VL - 21 IS - 7 KW - internet KW - parenting KW - social media KW - focus groups N2 - Background: Traditionally, guidance and support to new parents have come from family, friends, and health care providers. However, the internet and social media are growing sources of guidance and support for parents. Little is known about how the internet and social media are used by parents of young infants and specifically about parental perceptions of the internet and social media as sources of parenting and infant health information. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore, using qualitative methods, parental perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of the internet and social media as sources of parenting and health information regarding their infant. Methods: A total of 28 mothers participated in focus groups or individual interviews. Probing questions concerning parenting and health information sources were asked. Themes were developed in an iterative manner from coded data. Results: The central themes were (1) reasons that mothers turn to the internet for parenting and health information, (2) cautionary advice about the internet, and (3) reasons that mothers turn to social media for parenting and health information. Mothers appreciated the ability to gather unlimited information and multiple opinions quickly and anonymously, but recognized the need to use reputable sources of information. Mothers also appreciated the immediacy of affirmation, support, and tailored information available through social media. Conclusions: The internet and social media are rapidly becoming important and trusted sources of parenting and health information that mothers turn to when making infant care decisions. UR - https://www.jmir.org/2019/7/e14289/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14289 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31290403 ID - info:doi/10.2196/14289 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Graham, E. Jocelyn AU - Moore, L. Jana AU - Bell, C. Rhonda AU - Miller, Terri PY - 2019/02/01 TI - Digital Marketing to Promote Healthy Weight Gain Among Pregnant Women in Alberta: An Implementation Study JO - J Med Internet Res SP - e11534 VL - 21 IS - 2 KW - internet KW - maternal health KW - mobile phone KW - pregnant women KW - search engine KW - social media N2 - Background: As the use of digital media for health promotion has become increasingly common, descriptive studies exploring current and innovative marketing strategies can enhance the understanding of effective strategies and best practices. Objective: This study aims to describe the implementation of a provincial digital media campaign using complementary advertising platforms to promote healthy pregnancy weight gain messages and direct a Web audience to a credible website. Methods: The digital media campaign occurred in 3 phases, each for 8 weeks, and consisted of search engine marketing using Google AdWords and social media advertising through Facebook. All advertising materials directed users to evidence-based pregnancy-related weight gain content on the Healthy Parents, Healthy Children website. Results: Google Ads received a total of 43,449 impressions, 2522 clicks, and an average click-through rate (CTR) of 5.80%. Of people who clicked on a Google ad, 78.9% (1989/2522) completed an action on the website. Across all Facebook advertisements, there were 772,263 impressions, 14,482 clicks, and an average CTR of 1.88%. The highest-performing advertisement was an image of a group of diverse pregnant women with the headline ?Pregnancy weight is not the same for every woman.? Conclusions: This study supports the use of digital marketing as an important avenue for delivering health messages and directing Web users to credible sources of information. The opportunity to reach large, yet targeted audiences, along with the ability to monitor and evaluate metrics to optimize activities throughout a campaign is a powerful advantage over traditional marketing tactics. Health organizations can use the results and insights of this study to help inform the design and implementation of similar Web-based activities. UR - https://www.jmir.org/2019/2/e11534/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/11534 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30707100 ID - info:doi/10.2196/11534 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chan, Ling Ko AU - Chen, Mengtong PY - 2019/01/30 TI - Effects of Social Media and Mobile Health Apps on Pregnancy Care: Meta-Analysis JO - JMIR Mhealth Uhealth SP - e11836 VL - 7 IS - 1 KW - mHealth KW - social media KW - pregnancy KW - postpartum KW - maternal health N2 - Background: The use of social media and mobile health (mHealth) apps has been increasing in pregnancy care. However, the effectiveness of these interventions is still unclear. Objectives: We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the effectiveness of these interventions with regard to different health outcomes in pregnant and postpartum women and investigate the characteristics and components of interventions that may affect program effectiveness. Method: We performed a comprehensive literature search of major electronic databases and reference sections of related reviews and eligible studies. A random effects model was used to calculate the effect size. Results: Fifteen randomized controlled trial studies published in and before June 2018 that met the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The interventions were effective in promoting maternal physical health including weight management, gestational diabetes mellitus control, and asthma control with a moderate to large effect size (d=0.72). Large effect sizes were also found for improving maternal mental health (d=0.84) and knowledge about pregnancy (d=0.80). Weight control interventions using wearable devices were more effective. Conclusion: Social media and mHealth apps have the potential to be widely used in improving maternal well-being. More large-scale clinical trials focusing on different health outcomes are suggested for future studies. UR - https://mhealth.jmir.org/2019/1/e11836/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/11836 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30698533 ID - info:doi/10.2196/11836 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kaskinen, Anu AU - Ayeboa-Sallah, Benjamin AU - Teivaanmäki, Tiina AU - Wärnhjelm, Elina AU - Korhonen, Liisa AU - Helve, Otto PY - 2018/12/14 TI - Pediatric Web-Based Chat Services for Caregivers of Children: Descriptive Study JO - J Med Internet Res SP - e10165 VL - 20 IS - 12 KW - chat service KW - health information KW - internet KW - Web-based resources KW - pediatrics KW - social media N2 - Background: Pediatric physician-led Web-based chat services offer a novel, low-threshold communication channel between caregivers and physicians. Objective: Our aim was to describe chat conversations between caregivers and physicians in a Web-based chat service to determine the factors that should be considered when planning a similar chat service. We also aimed to evaluate whether caregivers considered the consultations helpful, whether physicians considered they could answer caregivers? questions, and whether further face-to-face medical contact was needed. Methods: In September 2015, a private medical center for children in the greater Helsinki area initiated a Web-based chat service, accessible via any device with an internet connection, open from 9 am to 9 pm local time. Four residents in pediatrics, who had performed at least 60% of their 6-year residency program, served as the physicians responsible for chat consultations with caregivers of children. Between October 2015 and March 2016, 343 consecutive consultations were immediately evaluated by a chat physician. On average, caregivers were followed up by email questionnaire 7-14 days later, which 98 caregivers answered a median of 11 (interquartile range, IQR, 7-20) days later. Results: The age of the children whose caregivers contacted the chat service was a median of 2.1 (IQR 0.83-4.69) years, and 29.8% (102/342) of the children were less than 1 year old. The majority (119/343, 34.7%) of the chat conversations took place from 9 am to noon, and infections were the most common concern in over half of cases (189/343, 55.1%). Chat physicians recommended a face-to-face appointment with a physician for that same day in 13.7% (47/343) of the cases. A face-to-face exam was recommended for that same day more often if the chat concerned infection (36/189, 19.0% cases) compared with other reasons (11/154, 7.1%, cases; P=.001). Physicians felt capable of answering caregivers? questions in 72.6% (249/343) of the cases, whereas 93% (91/98) of caregivers considered physicians? answers helpful. Whether caregivers had to take their children to see a physician that same day or whether caregivers? main concern was infection was not found to be associated with whether caregivers considered physicians? answers helpful or not. However, physicians felt more capable of answering caregivers? questions when the main concern was infection. Conclusions: Parental consultations via Web-based chat service often take place before noon and focus on infection-related issues as well as on the health and illness of very young children. These factors should be considered when planning or setting up such a service. Based on the high satisfaction with the chat service by both physicians and caregivers, Web-based chat services may be a useful way to help caregivers with concerns about their child?s health or illness. UR - https://www.jmir.org/2018/12/e10165/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/10165 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30552087 ID - info:doi/10.2196/10165 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tougas, E. Michelle AU - Chambers, T. Christine AU - Corkum, Penny AU - Robillard, M. Julie AU - Gruzd, Anatoliy AU - Howard, Vivian AU - Kampen, Andrea AU - Boerner, E. Katelynn AU - Hundert, S. Amos PY - 2018/12/11 TI - Social Media Content About Children?s Pain and Sleep: Content and Network Analysis JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e11193 VL - 1 IS - 2 KW - child health KW - knowledge translation KW - pain KW - sleep KW - social media N2 - Background: Social media is often used for health communication and can facilitate fast information exchange. Despite its increasing use, little is known about child health information sharing and engagement over social media. Objective: The primary objectives of this study are to systematically describe the content of social media posts about child pain and sleep and identify the level of research evidence in these posts. The secondary objective is to examine user engagement with information shared over social media. Methods: Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook were searched by members of the research team over a 2-week period using a comprehensive search strategy. Codes were used to categorize the content of posts to identify the frequency of content categories shared over social media platforms. Posts were evaluated by content experts to determine the frequency of posts consistent with existing research evidence. User engagement was analyzed using Netlytic, a social network analysis program, to examine visual networks illustrating the level of user engagement. Results: From the 2-week period, nearly 1500 pain-related and 3800 sleep-related posts were identified and analyzed. Twitter was used most often to share knowledge about child pain (639/1133, 56.40% of posts), and personal experiences for child sleep (2255/3008, 75.00% of posts). For both topics, Instagram posts shared personal experiences (53/68, 78% pain; 413/478, 86.4% sleep), Facebook group posts shared personal experiences (30/49, 61% pain; 230/345, 66.7% sleep) and Facebook pages shared knowledge (68/198, 34.3% pain; 452/1026, 44.05% sleep). Across platforms, research evidence was shared in 21.96% (318/1448) of pain- and 9.16% (445/4857) of sleep-related posts; 5.38% (61/1133) of all pain posts and 2.82% (85/3008) of all sleep posts shared information inconsistent with the evidence, while the rest were absent of evidence. User interactions were indirect, with mostly one-way, rather than reciprocal conversations. Conclusions: Social media is commonly used to discuss child health, yet the majority of posts do not contain research evidence, and user engagement is primarily one-way. These findings represent an opportunity to expand engagement through open conversations with credible sources. Research and health care communities can benefit from incorporating specific information about evidence within social media posts to improve communication with the public and empower users to distinguish evidence-based content better. Together, these findings have identified potential gaps in social media communication that may be informative targets to guide future strategies for improving the translation of child health evidence over social media. UR - http://pediatrics.jmir.org/2018/2/e11193/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/11193 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31518292 ID - info:doi/10.2196/11193 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Teague, J. Samantha AU - Shatte, BR Adrian PY - 2018/11/27 TI - Exploring the Transition to Fatherhood: Feasibility Study Using Social Media and Machine Learning JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e12371 VL - 1 IS - 2 KW - parenting KW - perinatal care KW - fathers KW - social media KW - parent-child relations KW - infodemiology KW - unsupervised machine learning N2 - Background: Fathers? experiences across the transition to parenthood are underreported in the literature. Social media offers the potential to capture fathers? experiences in real time and at scale while also removing the barriers that fathers typically face in participating in research and clinical care. Objective: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using social media data to map the discussion topics of fathers across the fatherhood transition. Methods: Discussion threads from two Web-based parenting communities, r/Daddit and r/PreDaddit from the social media platform Reddit, were collected over a 2-week period, resulting in 1980 discussion threads contributed to by 5853 unique users. An unsupervised machine learning algorithm was then implemented to group discussion threads into topics within each community and across a combined collection of all discussion threads. Results: Results demonstrated that men use Web-based communities to share the joys and challenges of the fatherhood experience. Minimal overlap in discussions was found between the 2 communities, indicating that distinct conversations are held on each forum. A range of social support techniques was demonstrated, with conversations characterized by encouragement, humor, and experience-based advice. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that rich data on fathers? experiences can be sourced from social media and analyzed rapidly using automated techniques, providing an additional tool for researchers exploring fatherhood. UR - http://pediatrics.jmir.org/2018/2/e12371/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/12371 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31518298 ID - info:doi/10.2196/12371 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Skelton, Renee Kara AU - Evans, Retta AU - LaChenaye, Jenna AU - Amsbary, Jonathan AU - Wingate, Martha AU - Talbott, Laura PY - 2018/11/05 TI - Exploring Social Media Group Use Among Breastfeeding Mothers: Qualitative Analysis JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e11344 VL - 1 IS - 2 KW - social media KW - milk KW - human KW - breastfeeding N2 - Background: Breastfeeding is well known as the optimal source of nutrition for the first year of life. However, suboptimal exclusively breastfeeding rates in the United States are still prevalent. Given the extent of social media use and the accessibility of this type of peer-to-peer support, the role of social networking sites in enabling and supporting breastfeeding mothers needs to be further explored. Objective: This study aimed to leverage mothers? attitudes and behaviors of social media usage to understand effects on breastfeeding outcomes. Methods: Participants were recruited from 1 probreastfeeding social media group with over 6300 members throughout the United States. Online focus group discussions were conducted with 21 women; interviews were conducted with 12 mothers. Qualitative data were aggregated for thematic analysis. Results: Participants indicated that the social media group formed a community of support for breastfeeding, with normalizing breastfeeding, empowerment for breastfeeding, resource for breastfeeding, and shared experiences in breastfeeding as additional themes. Conclusions: According to participants, social media groups can positively influence breastfeeding-related attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors as well as lead to longer duration of breastfeeding. The results of this study should be taken into account when designing interventions for breastfeeding mothers. UR - http://pediatrics.jmir.org/2018/2/e11344/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/11344 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31518305 ID - info:doi/10.2196/11344 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pretorius, A. Kelly AU - Mackert, Michael AU - Wilcox, B. Gary PY - 2018/09/07 TI - Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Safe Sleep on Twitter: Analysis of Influences and Themes to Guide Health Promotion Efforts JO - JMIR Pediatr Parent SP - e10435 VL - 1 IS - 2 KW - sudden infant death KW - sudden unexpected infant death KW - accidental suffocation in a sleeping environment KW - infant mortality KW - safe sleep KW - sleep environment KW - social media KW - Twitter KW - health communication KW - public health N2 - Background: In the United States, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of death in infants aged 1 month to 1 year. Approximately 3500 infants die from SIDS and sleep-related reasons on a yearly basis. Unintentional sleep-related deaths and bed sharing, a known risk factor for SIDS, are on the rise. Furthermore, ethnic disparities exist among those most affected by SIDS. Despite public health campaigns, infant mortality persists. Given the popularity of social media, understanding social media conversations around SIDS and safe sleep may assist the medical and public health communities with information needed to spread, reinforce, or counteract false information regarding SIDS and safe sleep. Objective: The objective of our study was to investigate the social media conversation around SIDS and safe sleep to understand the possible influences and guide health promotion efforts and public health research as well as enable health professionals to engage in directed communication regarding this topic. Methods: We used textual analytics to identify topics and extract meanings contained in unstructured textual data. Twitter messages were captured during September, October, and November in 2017. Tweets and retweets were collected using NUVI software in conjunction with Twitter?s search API using the keywords: ?sids,? ?infant death syndrome,? ?sudden infant death syndrome,? and ?safe sleep.? This returned a total of 41,358 messages, which were analyzed using text mining and social media monitoring software. Results: Multiple themes were identified, including recommendations for safe sleep to prevent SIDS, safe sleep devices, the potential causes of SIDS, and how breastfeeding reduces SIDS. Compared with September and November, more personal and specific stories of infant loss were demonstrated in October (Pregnancy and Infant Loss Awareness Month). The top influencers were news organizations, universities, and health-related organizations. Conclusions: We identified valuable topics discussed and shared on Twitter regarding SIDS and safe sleep. The study results highlight the contradicting information a subset of the population is exposed to regarding SIDS and the continued controversy over vaccines. In addition, this analysis emphasizes the lack of public health organizations? presence on Twitter compared with the influence of universities and news media organizations. The results also demonstrate the prevalence of safe sleep products that are embedded in safe sleep messaging. These findings can assist providers in speaking about relevant topics when engaging in conversations about the prevention of SIDS and the promotion of safe sleep. Furthermore, public health agencies and advocates should utilize social media and Twitter to better communicate accurate health information as well as continue to combat the spread of false information. UR - http://pediatrics.jmir.org/2018/2/e10435/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/10435 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31518314 ID - info:doi/10.2196/10435 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Easton, Stephanie AU - Morton, Katherine AU - Tappy, Zara AU - Francis, Daniella AU - Dennison, Laura PY - 2018/06/18 TI - Young People?s Experiences of Viewing the Fitspiration Social Media Trend: Qualitative Study JO - J Med Internet Res SP - e219 VL - 20 IS - 6 KW - Social media KW - Fitspiration KW - behaviour KW - health KW - body image KW - self-esteem KW - eating disorders KW - qualitative research KW - focus groups KW - interviews N2 - Background: Social media use has become ubiquitous in the lives of many people, especially young adults. A popular recent trend emerging on social media is that of posting and following ?Fitspirational? content - material that purports to motivate and showcase healthy lifestyle habits, particularly relating to exercise and diet. There is very limited existing literature on how engaging with this type of content influences people?s psychological and physical heath. Initial studies have focused on concerns over potential negative effects on psychological wellbeing including body image, self-esteem and eating disorders. Objective: We aimed to address a gap in the literature for exploratory research on this topic from the perspective of users. We used a qualitative approach to explore how people experience viewing Fitspiration on social media including why and how they engage with this material and how they perceive that it affects their thoughts, emotions, behaviour and health. Methods: We recruited 20 young adults (14 females, 6 males, aged 18-25) who self-declared themselves to be Fitspiration followers to participate in either focus groups or individual interviews. We asked detailed, open-ended questions about their motivations for following Fitspiration, experiences of viewing this content and its perceived impact. We used inductive thematic analysis to derive themes that represented common and salient features of the data set. Results: Four main themes were developed: 1) A tool with the potential to support healthy living, 2) Unrealistic, untrustworthy content, 3) Negative effects on emotional wellbeing, and 4) Vulnerability and protective factors. Following Fitspirational posts on social media can provide young people with knowledge and motivation that may support healthy lifestyle behaviours. However, a range of harms also appeared to arise from Fitspiration viewing ranging from minor annoyances and frustrations to more meaningful negative effects on psychological & physical health. These negative effects seemed to persist despite individuals acknowledging that the material can be unrealistic, and believing that they are personally equipped to minimise harms to themselves. Conclusions: This study suggests that Fitspiration on social media can be attractive and compelling for young people but appears to bring about negative as well as positive effects. Future research should aim to confirm the scale and intensity of positive and negative effects and investigate ways of harnessing desirable outcomes and minimising undesirable outcomes. UR - http://www.jmir.org/2018/6/e219/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9156 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29914859 ID - info:doi/10.2196/jmir.9156 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wray, Jo AU - Brown, Katherine AU - Tregay, Jenifer AU - Crowe, Sonya AU - Knowles, Rachel AU - Bull, Kate AU - Gibson, Faith PY - 2018/05/09 TI - Parents? Experiences of Caring for Their Child at the Time of Discharge After Cardiac Surgery and During the Postdischarge Period: Qualitative Study Using an Online Forum JO - J Med Internet Res SP - e155 VL - 20 IS - 5 KW - congenital heart disease KW - parents KW - online forum KW - isolation N2 - Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common class of birth defects, which encompasses a broad spectrum of severity ranging from relatively minor to extremely complex. Improvements in surgery and intensive care have resulted in an increasing number of infants with the most complex lesions surviving after surgery until the time of discharge from the hospital, but there remain concerns about out-of-hospital mortality, variability in how services are provided at the time of discharge and beyond, and difficulties experienced by some families in accessing care. Objective: As part of a mixed-methods program of research, this study aimed to elicit parental experiences of caring for a child with CHD after hospital discharge following a cardiac surgery and collect information to inform interviews for a subsequent stage of the project. Methods: A closed online discussion group was set up via the main Facebook page of the Children?s Heart Federation (CHF), a national charity offering support to children with heart disease and their families. The discussion group was advertised through the charity?s webpage, and interested participants were directed to the charity?s Facebook page from where they could access the closed Facebook group and respond to questions posted. The CHF moderated the forum, and the research team provided questions to be posted on the forum. Responses were collated into a single transcript and subjected to thematic analysis. Results: The forum was open for 4 months, and 91 participants (mean age 35 years, range 23-58 years, 89 females, 89 parents, and 2 grandparents) submitted demographic information and were given access to the closed forum group. A common experience of isolation emerged from the data, with descriptions of how that isolation was experienced (physical, social, knowledge) and its psychological impact, together with the factors that made it worse or better. Woven through this theme was the notion that parents developed expertise over time. Conclusions: The use of an online forum provided a means for eliciting data from a large number of parents regarding their experiences of caring for their child after hospital discharge following cardiac surgery. Parents engaged with the forum and were able to articulate what went well and what went less well, together with sharing their stories and supporting each other through doing so. Some parents clearly found participating in the forum a positive experience in itself, demonstrating the potential of social media as a mechanism for providing support and reducing isolation. Information gained from the forum was used to shape questions for interviews with parents in a subsequent phase of the study. Furthermore, the themes identified in the online forum have contributed to identifying ways of improving the provision of care and support for parents of high-risk babies following discharge after cardiac surgery. UR - http://www.jmir.org/2018/5/e155/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9104 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29743157 ID - info:doi/10.2196/jmir.9104 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Burke-Garcia, Amelia AU - Kreps, L. Gary AU - Wright, B. Kevin PY - 2018/04/24 TI - Perceptions About Disseminating Health Information Among Mommy Bloggers: Quantitative Study JO - JMIR Res Protoc SP - e116 VL - 7 IS - 4 KW - mommy bloggers KW - social media KW - health messages KW - health information dissemination N2 - Background: Social media are potentially powerful channels for communicating relevant health information in culturally sensitive and influential ways to key audiences. Moreover, these channels hold promise for promoting awareness and knowledge of health risks, prevention, and treatment by utilizing opinion leaders for message dissemination. Despite limited empirical evidence to-date, early promising results suggest that blogs are a form of social media that should be examined as worthy channels for health communication. Objectives: This formative study explored mommy bloggers? perceptions about sharing health-related information on their blogs with their readers. It also sought to analyze which topics would be of most interest to mommy bloggers, what motivates them to write about health issues, and how they perceive interest in these topics among their readers. Methods: This study employed survey methodology, including the use of open-ended questions, the responses to which were coded for analysis. Specifically, a 14-item survey was fielded with mommy bloggers between October 1 and October 28, 2016. Bloggers were recruited through The Motherhood network. A total of 461 mommy bloggers responded to the survey; 163 were removed for low quality responses and incomplete data. As a result, 298 eligible participants completed the survey. For open-ended questions in the survey, a sample of responses were coded and analyzed. Results: The majority of the respondents (87.2%, 260/298) reported that they have written about health issues in the past; 97.3% (290/298) of the respondents reported that they would consider writing about health issues sometime in the future, and 96.3% (287/298) of the respondents reported that their readers like to read about health issues on their blogs. In terms of content priorities for this sample of bloggers, Nutrition and Physical Activity dominate the current conversation and similarly, Physical Activity and Nutrition remain top content priorities for these bloggers for the future. Moreover, 21.3% of the respondents reported that their readers would be interested in these topics. Finally, having a personal connection with a health issue was found to be positively associated with likeliness to write about health issues on their blog (P<.001). Conclusions: This study illustrates that there are potentially rich opportunities for working with mommy bloggers to communicate with key health decision makers (moms) on important health issues. There is a great support among mommy bloggers for health information dissemination as well as interest for accessing relevant health information from their readers. This presents an opportunity for public health research and communication campaigns to more broadly promote their messages, thereby contributing to their behavior change objectives. Limitations included overrepresentation of white, higher-educated, and younger women. It suggests a need for more targeted engagement of a diverse sample for future work. UR - http://www.researchprotocols.org/2018/4/e116/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/resprot.7764 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29691204 ID - info:doi/10.2196/resprot.7764 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harpel, Tammy PY - 2018/03/22 TI - Pregnant Women Sharing Pregnancy-Related Information on Facebook: Web-Based Survey Study JO - J Med Internet Res SP - e115 VL - 20 IS - 3 KW - pregnancy KW - social media KW - Facebook N2 - Background: Research indicates expectant and new mothers use the Internet, specifically social media, to gain information and support during the transition to parenthood. Although parents regularly share information about and photos of their child or children on Facebook, researchers have neither explored the use of Facebook to share pregnancy-related information nor investigated factors that influence such sharing. Objective: The aim of this study was to address a gap in the literature by exploring the use of Facebook by pregnant women. Specifically, the study examined the use of Facebook to share pregnancy-related information, as well as any association between prenatal attachment and the aforementioned aspects of sharing pregnancy-related information on Facebook. Methods: Pregnant women who were at least 18 years of age were recruited for participation in the study through posts and paid advertisements on Facebook and posts to professional organization listservs. Individuals interested in participating were directed to a secure Web-based survey system where they completed the consent form and the survey that focused on their current pregnancy. Participants completed the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale and answered questions that assessed how often they shared pregnancy-related information on Facebook, who they shared it with, why they shared it, and what they shared. Results: A total of 117 pregnant women completed the survey. Descriptive statistics indicated that the pregnancy announcement was most commonly shared (75/108, 69.4%), with most women sharing pregnancy-related information on Facebook less than monthly (52/117, 44.4%) with only family and friends (90/116, 77.6% and 91/116, 78.4%, respectively) and for the purpose of involving others or sharing the experience (62/107, 57.9%). Correlation and regression analyses showed that prenatal attachment, in general, was positively and significantly related to all aspects of sharing pregnancy-related information at the P<.05 level, with the exception of sharing because of expectations. Quality of attachment, which involves the positive feelings the woman has about her unborn child, was significantly associated with sharing to involve others or share the pregnancy (t8,93=2.654 , P=.009). In contrast, after controlling for other variables, the strength or preoccupation component of prenatal attachment was significantly associated with frequency of sharing (t8,100=2.554 , P=.01), number to types of information shared (t8,97=2.605 , P=.01), number of groups with whom shared (t8,99=3.467, P=.001), and sharing to get advice (?28=5.339 , P=.02). Conclusions: Pregnant women in this study used Facebook for a variety of reasons, demonstrating the use of the social media platform during pregnancy for supportive and informational purposes. Overall, the results of this study are likely to be useful to professionals who are seeking alternative methods for providing intervention, information, and support to pregnant women via social media in our technology-driven society. UR - http://www.jmir.org/2018/3/e115/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/jmir.7753 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29567636 ID - info:doi/10.2196/jmir.7753 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tangherlini, R. Timothy AU - Roychowdhury, Vwani AU - Glenn, Beth AU - Crespi, M. Catherine AU - Bandari, Roja AU - Wadia, Akshay AU - Falahi, Misagh AU - Ebrahimzadeh, Ehsan AU - Bastani, Roshan PY - 2016/11/22 TI - ?Mommy Blogs? and the Vaccination Exemption Narrative: Results From A Machine-Learning Approach for Story Aggregation on Parenting Social Media Sites JO - JMIR Public Health Surveill SP - e166 VL - 2 IS - 2 KW - vaccination KW - social media KW - machine learning KW - personal narratives KW - Internet KW - health knowledge KW - attitudes KW - practice N2 - Background: Social media offer an unprecedented opportunity to explore how people talk about health care at a very large scale. Numerous studies have shown the importance of websites with user forums for people seeking information related to health. Parents turn to some of these sites, colloquially referred to as ?mommy blogs,? to share concerns about children?s health care, including vaccination. Although substantial work has considered the role of social media, particularly Twitter, in discussions of vaccination and other health care?related issues, there has been little work on describing the underlying structure of these discussions and the role of persuasive storytelling, particularly on sites with no limits on post length. Understanding the role of persuasive storytelling at Internet scale provides useful insight into how people discuss vaccinations, including exemption-seeking behavior, which has been tied to a recent diminution of herd immunity in some communities. Objective: To develop an automated and scalable machine-learning method for story aggregation on social media sites dedicated to discussions of parenting. We wanted to discover the aggregate narrative frameworks to which individuals, through their exchange of experiences and commentary, contribute over time in a particular topic domain. We also wanted to characterize temporal trends in these narrative frameworks on the sites over the study period. Methods: To ensure that our data capture long-term discussions and not short-term reactions to recent events, we developed a dataset of 1.99 million posts contributed by 40,056 users and viewed 20.12 million times indexed from 2 parenting sites over a period of 105 months. Using probabilistic methods, we determined the topics of discussion on these parenting sites. We developed a generative statistical-mechanical narrative model to automatically extract the underlying stories and story fragments from millions of posts. We aggregated the stories into an overarching narrative framework graph. In our model, stories were represented as network graphs with actants as nodes and their various relationships as edges. We estimated the latent stories circulating on these sites by modeling the posts as a sampling of the hidden narrative framework graph. Temporal trends were examined based on monthly user-poststatistics. Results: We discovered that discussions of exemption from vaccination requirements are highly represented. We found a strong narrative framework related to exemption seeking and a culture of distrust of government and medical institutions. Various posts reinforced part of the narrative framework graph in which parents, medical professionals, and religious institutions emerged as key nodes, and exemption seeking emerged as an important edge. In the aggregate story, parents used religion or belief to acquire exemptions to protect their children from vaccines that are required by schools or government institutions, but (allegedly) cause adverse reactions such as autism, pain, compromised immunity, and even death. Although parents joined and left the discussion forums over time, discussions and stories about exemptions were persistent and robust to these membership changes. Conclusions: Analyzing parent forums about health care using an automated analytic approach, such as the one presented here, allows the detection of widespread narrative frameworks that structure and inform discussions. In most vaccination stories from the sites we analyzed, it is taken for granted that vaccines and not vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) pose a threat to children. Because vaccines are seen as a threat, parents focus on sharing successful strategies for avoiding them, with exemption being the foremost among these strategies. When new parents join such sites, they may be exposed to this endemic narrative framework in the threads they read and to which they contribute, which may influence their health care decision making. UR - http://publichealth.jmir.org/2016/2/e166/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/publichealth.6586 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27876690 ID - info:doi/10.2196/publichealth.6586 ER -